Therapeutic Potential of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas var. Ayamurasaki) in Inhibiting Airway Remodeling through Regulation of IL-33, Periostin, IgE and TGF-β in A Chronic Asthma Model

Abstract

Asthma is one of the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) affecting children, with about 1 in 10 children suffering from this condition. This disease causes a significant morbidity burden, including affecting children’s school attendance and adults’ work capacity. This disease is also a significant cause of premature death. The Global Asthma Report (GAR) stated that data from the phase I survey of the Global Asthma Network (GAN) involving more than 450,000 children (ages 6 - 7) or adolescents (ages 13 - 14) in 63 centers from 25 regions during the years 2015 - 2020. The strategy for asthma management includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. The goal of asthma prevention interventions in children and adolescents is to minimize short-term effects (daily symptoms, sleep disturbances and activity limitations) and the risk of asthma side effects (attacks, persistent airflow limitation and medication side effects). Anthocyanins, a type of flavonoid found in purple sweet potatoes, have potential as antioxidants and anti-inflammatories. Anthocyanins in purple sweet potatoes can be utilized as antioxidants that will influence the prevention of chronic asthma relapse. The aim of the research is to analyze and prove the effect of FEAUJU administration on the immune response of chronic asthma model rats. The method used is a laboratory experimental, where 30 chronic asthma models are randomly divided into 5 groups: The healthy group (K1), the chronic asthma modeling group (K2), the chronic asthma group given prednisolone 0.04 mg/mouse (K3), the chronic asthma group given FEAUJU 300 mg/kgBW (K4) and the chronic asthma group given combination therapy (K5). Examination of IL-33, periostin and IgE using the ELISA method, TGF-β expression with IHC and histopathology of airway remodeling. Analysis using ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The results of FEAUJU which contains anthocyanins, flavonoids and antioxidants, are capable of reducing levels of IL33, periostin, IgE and can also improve airway remodeling and lung tissue (TGF-β) has a significant effect with significant p-value < 0.001. FEAUJU provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects as a prevention for chronic asthma relapse.

HIGHLIGHTS

The animal model used was 4-week-old male Wistar rats induced with ovalbumin and underwent inhalation to maintain asthma conditions during the research period. The therapy administered was the ethyl acetate fraction of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas var. ayamurasaki) as an effort to prevent the recurrence of chronic asthma. The evaluation of therapy effectiveness was conducted by measuring the levels of IgE, IL-33 and periostin, as well as immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of TGF-β and assessment of airway remodeling in lung tissue. The research results show that the ethyl acetate fraction of purple sweet potato is effective as an alternative therapy for preventing the recurrence of chronic asthma in children.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT