Limonoid Extracted from Chisocheton macrophyllus Seeds and Their Cytotoxic Activity against MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Meliaceae family consists of various plants that have been used as a source of medicinal plants and limonoid compounds. Limonoid is a compound group of terpenoid which has many bioactivities. One of the species from Meliaceae which produced limonoids is Chisocheton macrophyllus. The n-hexane fraction of the C. macrophyllus seed afforded 3 limonoids, namely 7-deacetylepoxyazadiradione (1), 6α-acetoxydeoxygedunin (2) and 6α-acetoxygedunin (3). Data from a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including as mass spectroscopy, FTIR, 1- and 2-dimensional NMR, were used to identify the secondary metabolite structures, and the PrestoBlue^TM, method was used for the cytotoxic assay. Compound (2), known as 6α-acetoxydeoxygedunin, was first reported in this genus. MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines have also been used to assess limonoids compounds (1 - 3). The 2 and 3 were categorized as weak with an IC₅₀ value of 231.26 and 475.87 µg/mL, while compound 1 showed inactive with IC₅₀ values of > 500 µg/mL. These findings encourage further exploration of Meliaceae plants for new bioactive compounds and advance the development of novel cancer treatments.

HIGHLIGHTS

• The n-hexane fraction of the seeds of Chisocheton macrophyllus, yielded three limonoids, 7-deacetylepoxyazadiradione (1), 6α-acetoxydeoxygedunin (2), and 6α-acetoxygedunin (3).
• 6α-acetoxydeoxygedunin (2) is reported for the first time in this genus, expanding the known chemical diversity of Chisocheton

• The structures of these compounds were identified through advanced spectroscopic techniques, including mass spectrometry, FTIR, and one- and two-dimensional NMR.
• Cytotoxicity tests against MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed that compounds 2 and 3 were weakly active with IC₅₀ values of 231.26 μg/mL and 475.87 μg/mL, respectively, while compound 1 was inactive with an IC₅₀ value >500 μg/mL.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT