Assessment of Trichoderma Species Isolated From Volcanic Soil of a Durian Field in Sisaket Province, Thailand for Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol Potential
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.8452Keywords:
Anthracnose, Plant growth promotion, Rice, Trichoderma species, Seed germinationAbstract
Trichoderma species are ubiquitous saprophytic fungi commonly found in soil, with potential as fungal biocontrol agents for plant disease control and growth promotion. This research aimed to assess the attributes of Trichoderma sp. as plant growth promoters, focusing on nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, plant nutrient solubilization and indole-3-acetic acid production. Out of 19 isolates tested, 6 (T05, T19, T25, T27, T28 and T33) showed superior plant growth promotion abilities. These isolates were further evaluated for their capacity to enhance the germination of Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice seeds. Seeds were soaked in a suspension of conidia at a concentration of 1×1012 conidia/mL, and germination rates were measured. The germination rate ranged between 77.67 - 86.67 %, statistically significantly higher than the control rate of 33.33 %. Among the isolates, T05 exhibited the highest promotion of plant growth, evidenced by root length (7.27 cm), shoot length (8.50 cm), fresh weight (0.54 g) and dry weight (0.27 g), all significantly different from the control. Additionally, the potential of isolates to inhibit the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sp. MN-3 was assessed using a dual culture method, with T35 showing the highest inhibition percentage (60.90 %). Morphological classification and nucleotide sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of rDNA gene identified the isolates as T. harzianum, T. reesei, T. asperellum and T. longibrachiatum. These findings underscore the effectiveness of Trichoderma sp. in promoting plant growth and suppressing plant pathogenic fungi.
HIGHLIGHTS
Six Trichoderma isolates (T05, T19, T25, T27, T28 and T33) exhibited superior plant growth promotion abilities. These isolates significantly enhanced germination rates of Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice seeds compared to the method. Among the isolates, T05 showed the greatest promotion of plant growth, as evidenced by root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight. Trichoderma isolates demonstrated potential for inhibiting the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sp. MN-3. Morphological classification divided the Trichoderma sp. into 4 groups, and species identification through nucleotide sequencing revealed T. harzianum, T. reesei, T. asperellum and T. longibrachiatum.
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