Combination of Green Tea, Green Coffee, and Turmeric Extract Improve the THOC5 and AIF1, but not ACTA2 and CNN1 Gene Expression in the Aortic Tissue of Metabolic Syndrome Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.8245Keywords:
Green coffee, Green tea, Curcumin, THOC5, ACTA2, CNN1, AIF1, Metabolic syndromeAbstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of risk factors in the form of central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, increasing oxidative stress. This pathological event leads to the development of cardiovascular disease, for instance, atherosclerosis. Besides modifiable risk factors, non-modifiable risk factors such as genetic factors also play a role in the formation of atherosclerosis in MetS conditions such as THOC5, AIF1, CNN1, and ACTA2. Recently, natural compound derivatives, such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), chlorogenic acid (CGA), and turmeric, have shown beneficial effects in MetS improvement. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea, green coffee, and turmeric extract on the expression of THOC5, AIF1, CNN1, and ACTA2 genes that contributed to atherosclerotic vasculopathy development in the MetS rat model. Twenty-five MetS rat models were grouped into 4 groups (n = 5): Standard control (SC), MetS (MetS), a combination of green tea, green coffee, and turmeric extract with treatment doses: 300/100/150 mg/BW(C1) and 400/200/250 mg/BW(C2) group. The THOC5, AIF1, CNN1, and ACTA2 expression were measured at the end of treatment periods. This study found that administering green tea, green coffee, and turmeric extract can lower the expression of THOC5, AIF1, CNN1, and ACTA2. The correlation test showed that there is a strong correlation between THOC5 and AIF1 gene expression, with positive value. In summary, the combined effects of green tea, green coffee, and curcumin extract show significant promise as a potential anti-atherosclerosis treatment by improve the THOC5 and AIF1, but not ACTA2 and CNN1 gene expression in the aortic tissue of metabolic syndrome model.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Metabolic syndrome is a group of risk factors consist of central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Individuals with MetS have an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
- Besides modifiable risk factors, non-modifiable risk factors such as genetic factors also play a role in the formation of atherosclerosis in MetS conditions such as THOC5, AIF1, CNN1, and ACTA2. This study aimed to investigate the effect of green tea, green coffee, and turmeric extract on the expression of THOC5, AIF1, CNN1, and ACTA2 genes that contributed to atherosclerotic vasculopathy development in the MetS rat model.
- Administering green tea, green coffee, and turmeric extract can lower the expression of THOC5, AIF1, CNN1, and ACTA2. The correlation test showed that there is a strong correlation between THOC5 and AIF1 gene expression, with positive value.
- In summary, the combined effects of green tea, green coffee, and curcumin extract show significant promise as a potential anti-atherosclerosis treatment by improve the THOC5 and AIF1, but not ACTA2 and CNN1 gene expression in the aortic tissue of metabolic syndrome model.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Downloads
References
A Jemal, T Girum, S Kedir, A Bedru, H Mosa, K Assfa and A Oumer. Metabolic syndrome and its predictors among adults seeking medical care: A trending public health concern. Clin. Nutr. ESPEN 2023; 54, 264-70.
Aboonabi, RR Meyer and I Singh. The association between metabolic syndrome components and the development of atherosclerosis. J. Hum. Hypertens. 2019; 33, 844-55.
NA Rocha, C East, J Zhang and PA McCullough. ApoCIII as a cardiovascular risk factor and modulation by the novel lipid-lowering agent volanesorsen. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 2017; 19, 62.
DA Christiakov, AN Orekhov and YV Bobryshev. Vascular smooth muscle cell in atherosclerosis. Acta Physiol. 2015; 214, 33-50.
GL Basatemur, HF Jørgensen, MCH Clarke, MR Bennett and Z Mallat. Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2019; 16, 727-44.
YW Liu, MS Huang, LW Hsu, HY Chang, CH Lee, CY Lee, DP Chen, YH Li, TH Chao, PF Su, MR Shen and PY Liu. Genetic risk model for in stent restenosis of second and third generation drug eluting stents. iScience 2021; 24, 103082.
X Yuan, T Zhang, F Yao, Y Liao, F Liu, Z Ren, L Han, L Diao, Y Li, B Zhou, F He and L Wang. Tho complex-dependent posttranscriptional control contributes to vascular smooth muscle cell fate decision. Circ. Res. 2018; 123, 538-49.
LJ Sommerville, SE Kelemen, SP Ellison, RN England and MV Autieri. Increased atherosclerosis and vascular smooth muscle cell activation in AIF-1 transgenic mice fed a high-fat diet. Atherosclerosis 2012; 220, 45-52.
MV Autieri, C Carbone and A Mu. Expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 is a marker of activated human vascular smooth muscle cells and arterial injury. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2000; 20, 1737.
DD Tran, A Koch and T Tamura. THOC5, a member of the mRNA export complex: A novel link between mRNA export machinery and signal transduction pathways in cell proliferation and differentiation. Cell Commun. Signaling 2014; 12, 3.
R Upadhyay and LJM Rao. An outlook on chlorogenic acids-occurrence, chemistry, technology, and biological activities. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2013; 53, 968-84.
W Wang, ZZ Zhang, Y Wu, RQ Wang, JW Chen, J Chen, Y Zhang, YJ Chen, M Geng, ZD Xu, M Dai, JH Li and LL Pan. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates atherosclerosis and modulates hepatic lipid metabolic gene expression in apolipoprotein E knockout mice: Involvement of TTC39B. Front. Pharmacol. 2018; 9, 195.
M Lukitasari, MS Rohman, DA Nugroho, N Widodo and NIP Nugrahini. Cardiovascular protection effect of chlorogenic acid: Focus on the molecular mechanism. F1000Research 2020; 9, 1462.
M Lukitasari, MS Rohman, DA Nugroho, NA Wahyuni, MN Kholis and N Widodo. Improvement of cardiac fibrosis biomarkers through inflammation inhibition by green tea and decaffeinated light roasted green coffee extract combination administration in metabolic syndrome rat model. F1000Research 2021; 10, 1013.
M Lukitasari, MS Rohman, DA Nugroho, MN Kholis, NA Wahyuni and N Widodo. Green tea and decaffeinated light roasted green coffee extract combination improved cardiac insulin resistance through free fatty acids and adiponectin/FAS pathway amelioration in metabolic syndrome rat model. F1000Research 2021; 10, 990.
MS Rohman, M Lukitasari, DA Nugroho, R Ramadhiani, N Widodo, I Kusumastuty and NIP Nugrahini. Decaffeinated light-roasted green coffee and green tea extract combination improved metabolic parameters and modulated inflammatory genes in metabolic syndrome rats. F1000Research 2021; 10, 467.
AP Pandit, SR Joshi, PS Dalal and VC Patole. Curcumin as a permeability enhancer enhanced the antihyperlipidemic activity of dietary green tea extract. BMC Complementary Altern. Med. 2019; 19, 129.
YD Karamalakova, GD Nikolova, TK Georgiev, VG Gadjeva and AN Tolekova. Hepatoprotective properties of Curcuma longa L. extract in bleomycin-induced chronic hepatotoxicity. Drug Discoveries Ther. 2019; 13, 9-16.
J Kanwar, M Taskeen, I Mohammad, C Huo, TH Chan and QP Dou. Recent advances on tea polyphenols. Front. Biosci. 2012; 4, 111-31.
E Rachmawati, MS Rohman, N Widodo, M Lukitasari, DA Nugroho, FE Hermanto and MN Kholis. Coffee-tea-turmeric work in cardiac-metabolic syndrome. J. Pharm. Pharmacogn. Res. 2023; 11, 961-74.
S Rana, S Ali, HA Wani, QD Mushtaq, S Sharma and MU Rehman. Metabolic syndrome and underlying genetic determinants-A systematic review. J. Diabetes Metab. Disord. 2022; 21, 1095-104.
LX Na, YL Zhang, Y Li, LY Liu, R Li, T Kong and CH Sun. Curcumin improves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of rats. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2011; 21, 526-33.
M Polenkowski, AB Allister, SBD Lara, A Pierce, B Geary, OE Bounkari, L Wiehlmann, A Hoffmann, AD Whetton, T Tamura and DDH Tran. THOC5 complexes with DDX5, DDX17, and CDK12 to regulate R loop structures and transcription elongation rate. iScience 2023; 26, 105784.
F Griaud, A Pierce, MBG Sanchez, M Scott, SA Abraham, TL Holyoake, DDH Tran, T Tamura and AD Whetton. A pathway from leukemogenic oncogenes and stem cell chemokines to RNA processing via THOC5. Leukemia 2013; 27, 932-40.
S Pearson, B Guo, A Pierce, N Azadbakht, JA Brazzatti, S Patassini, SM Navarro, S Meyer, C Flotho, BD Gelb and AD Whetton. Proteomic analysis of an induced pluripotent stem cell model reveals strategies to treat juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. J. Proteome Res. 2019; 19, 194-203.
J Wang, CW Man, X Yang, J Kwong, QP Dou, TH Chan and CC Wang. A prodrug of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate served as a potentially novel angiogenesis inhibitor in endometrioid endometrial cancer. Cancer Res. 2017; 77, 162.
E Rachmawati, MS Rohman, D Sargowo, U Kalsum, D Lyrawati and M Lukitasari. Decaffeinated coffee and green tea extract inhibit foam cell atherosclerosis by lowering inflammation and improving cholesterol influx/efflux balance through upregulation of PPARγ and miR-155. F1000Research 2023; 10, 1175.
BY Jang, MK Shin, DH Han and JS Sung. Curcumin disrupts a positive feedback loop between ADMSCs and cancer cells in the breast tumor microenvironment via the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15, 2627.
DD Leon-Oliva, C Garcia-Montero, O Fraile-Martinez, DL Boaru, L García-Puente, A Rios-Parra, MJ Garrido-Gil, C Casanova-Martín, N García-Honduvilla, J Bujan, LG Guijarro, M Alvarez-Mon and MA Ortega. AIF1: Function and connection with inflammatory diseases. Biology 2023; 12, 694.
LJ Sommerville, C Xing, SE Kelemen, S Eguchi and MV Autieri. Inhibition of allograft inflammatory factor-1 expression reduces development of neointimal hyperplasia and p38 kinase activity. Cardiovasc. Res. 2009; 8, 206-15.
J Jia, Y Cai, R Wang, K Fu and YF Zhao. Overexpression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 promotes the proliferation and migration of human endothelial cells (HUV-EC-C) probably by up-regulation of basic fibroblast growth factor. Pediatr. Res. 2010; 67, 29-34.
X Zhou, Z He, J Henegar, B Allen and S Bigler. Expression of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) in acute cellular rejection of cardiac allografts. Cardiovasc. Pathol. 2011; 20, e177-e184.
LJ Sommerville, SE Kelemen, SP Ellison, RN England and MV Autieri. Increased atherosclerosis and vascular smooth muscle cell activation in AIF-1 transgenic mice fed a high-fat diet. Atherosclerosis 2012; 220, 45-52.
L Wang, X Zhao, H Zheng, C Zhu and Y Liu. AIF-1, a potential biomarker of aggressive tumor behavior in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17, e0279211.
S Shankar, S Ganapathy, SR Hingorani and RK Srivastava. EGCG inhibits growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Front. Biosci. 2008; 13, 440-52.
LP Kajuluri, QR Lyu, J Doja, A Kumar, MP Wilson, SR Sgrizzi, E Rezaeimanesh, JM Miano and KG Morgan. Calponin 1 inhibits agonist-induced ERK activation and decreases calcium sensitization in vascular smooth muscle. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2024; 28, e18025.
Belo V, Guimarães DA, Castro MM. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 as a potential mediator of vascular smooth muscle cell migration and chronic vascular remodeling in hypertension. Journal of vascular research. 2016; 52(4):221-31.
D Lu, L Zhang, D Bao, Y Lu, X Zhang, N Liu, W Ge, X Gao, H Li and L Zhang. Calponin1 inhibits dilated cardiomyopathy development in mice through the εPKC pathway. Int. J. Cardiol. 2014; 173, 146-53.
GL Basatemur, HF Jørgensen, MCH Clarke, MR Bennett and Z Mallat. Vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2019; 16, 727-44.
TA Dang, H Schunkert and T Kessler. cGMP signaling in cardiovascular diseases. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2020; 75, 516-25.
D Mokra, M Joskova and J Mokry. Therapeutic effects of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in relation to molecular pathways controlling inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022; 24, 340.
L Qin, M Zang, Y Xu, R Zhao, Y Wang, Y Mi and Y Mei. Chlorogenic acid alleviates hyperglycemia‐induced cardiac fibrosis through activation of the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway in cardiac fibroblasts. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2021; 65, e2000810.
S Abolfazli, P Mortazavi, A Kheirandish, AE Butler, T Jamialahmadi and A Sahebkar. Regulatory effects of curcumin on nitric oxide signaling in the cardiovascular system. Nitric Oxide 2024; 143, 16-28.
H Zhang, B Halmos and M Westerterp. Statins for ACTA2 mutation-driven atherosclerosis? Eur. Heart J. 2023; 44, 2727-9.
Guo, D.C., Papke, C.L., Tran-Fadulu, V., Regalado, E.S., Avidan, N., Johnson, R.J., Kim, D.H., Pannu, H., Willing, M.C., Sparks, E. and Pyeritz, R.E. Mutations in smooth muscle alpha-actin (ACTA2) cause coronary artery disease, stroke, and Moyamoya disease, along with thoracic aortic disease. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2009; 84(5), pp.617-627.
D Lu, L Zhang, D Bao, Y Lu, X Zhang, N Liu, W Ge, X Gao, H Li and L Zhang. Calponin1 inhibits dilated cardiomyopathy development in mice through the εPKC pathway. Int. J. Cardiol. 2014; 173, 146-53.
K Kaw, A Chattopadhyay, P Guan, J Chen, S Majumder, XY Duan, S Ma, C Zhang, CS Kwartler and DM Milewicz. Smooth muscle α-actin missense variant promotes atherosclerosis through modulation of intracellular cholesterol in smooth muscle cells. Eur. Heart J. 2023; 44, 2713-26.
S Sasagawa, Y Nishimura, S Okabe, S Murakami, Y Ashikawa, M Yuge, K Kawaguchi, R Kawase, R Okamoto, M Ito and T Tanaka. Downregulation of GSTK1 is a common mechanism underlying hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Front. Pharmacol. 2016; 7, 162.
AV Poznyak, NG Nikiforov, AM Markin, DA Kashirskikh, VA Myasoedova, EV Gerasimova and AN Orekhov. Overview of Ox-LDL and its impact on cardiovascular health: Focus on atherosclerosis. Front. Pharmacol. 2021; 11, 613780.
G Petrucci, A Rizzi, D Hatem, G Tosti, B Rocca and D Pitocco. Role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic diseases. Antioxidants 2022; 11, 1408.
L Alonso-Herranz, J Albarrán-Juárez and JF Bentzon. Mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023; 10, 1254114.
J Taylor, S Oc, M Worssam, J Lambert, K Foote, A Finigan and H Jørgensen. BS22 Evidence for a novel smooth muscle cell transdifferentiation pathway that underpins formation of the fibrous cap in atherosclerosis. Heart 2023; 109, A1-A324.
AA Gibb, MP Lazaropoulos and JW Elrod. Myofibroblasts and fibrosis: Mitochondrial and metabolic control of cellular differentiation. Circ. Res. 2020; 127, 427-47.
IN Chomsy, MS Rohman, M Lukitasari, DA Nugroho and H Khotimah. Cardiac fibrosis attenuation by chlorogenic acid and epigallocatechin-gallate mediated by suppression of galectin-3 gene expression and collagen deposition in rat metabolic syndrome model. Indian J. Forensic Med. Toxicol. 2021; 15, 2567-74.
MS Islam, M Parish, JT Brennan, BL Winer and JH Segars. Targeting fibrotic signaling pathways by EGCG as a therapeutic strategy for uterine fibroids. Sci. Rep. 2023; 13, 8492.
Y Cheng, J Ping and LM Xu. Effects of curcumin on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression and nuclear translocation/redistribution in culture-activated rat hepatic stellate cells. Chin. Med. J. 2007; 120, 794-801.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Walailak University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
