The Role of Annealing Treatment on the Morphological Evolution and Swelling of ZnPc Layer on A QCM Sensor
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7059Keywords:
Annealing treatment, Morphological evolution, ZnPc layer, Swelling, QCMAbstract
Morphological evolution and swelling were observed in the zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) layer on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor treated with annealing. The morphology affects the swelling during analyte injection. The swelling effect can shorten the QCM sensor recovery time. The ZnPc layer was deposited on the surface of the polystyrene/QCM by evaporation technique. The annealing process was conducted for 1 h at 3 temperature variations: 100, 150, and 220 °C. The swelling experiments were carried out by injecting PBS and Tris-HCl solution into the layer. The surface morphology characterization of ZnPc was observed using an SEM/EDX before and after swelling. The morphological evolution from the network into fibers change to disentangled of the ZnPc molecular chain and broke into a shorter fiber. The diffractogram revealed a monoclinic phase for the samples annealed at 100 and 150 °C. On the other hand, the sample annealed at 220 °C showed a triclinic phase. The formation of ZnPc crystal confirms the disordering structure leading to the morphology change. Further, the ZnPc fibers swell after the injection of PBS and Tris-HCl. Tris-HCl injection at high temperature annealing (220 °C) resulted in fiber tattering. Investigations on diffusion mechanisms were conducted by measuring the change in frequency. The ionic strength of the solutions controlled the diffusion. The PBS diffuses faster than the Tris-HCl into the ZnPc layer.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Morphological change of ZnPc layer with the annealing temperature from an interconnected network into fibers
- PBS and Tris-HCl injection into the treated layer resulted in the swelling of the network and fiber
- The swelling is controlled by the diffusion observed as bubbles in the fibers
- Tris-HCl injection into the layer annealed at 220 °C caused the tattering of the fiber
- The morphological evolution at 220 °C is controlled by the disordering of monoclinic crystal into triclinic
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Downloads
Metrics
References
G Sauerbrey. Verwendung von schwingquarzen zur Wägung dünner schichten und zur Mikrowägung. Zeitschrift für Physik 1959; 155, 206-22.
M Yılmaz, M Bakhshpour, I Göktürk, AK Pişkin and A Denizli. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based biosensor functionalized by HER2/neu antibody for breast cancer cell detection. Chemosensors 20211; 9, 80.
S Akgönüllü, E Özgür and A Denizli. Recent advances in quartz crystal microbalance biosensors based on the molecular imprinting technique for disease-related biomarkers. Chemosensors 2022; 10, 106.
E Haghighi and S Zeinali. Nanoporous MIL-101(Cr) as a sensing layer coated on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) nanosensor to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs). RSC Adv. 2019; 9, 24460-70.
A Hamid, A Holloway, A Hassan and A Nabok. Investigation and analysis of Zinc phthalocyanine films for resonant gas sensor applications. Procedia Eng. 2016; 168, 259-63.
FI Bohrer, CN Colesniuc, J Park, ME Ruidiaz, IK Schuller, AC Kummel and WC Trogler. Comparative gas sensing in cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and metal-free phthalocyanine chemiresistors. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009; 131, 478-85.
L Feng, L Feng, Q Li, J Cui and J Guo. Sensitive formaldehyde detection with QCM sensor based on PAAm/MWCNTs and PVAm/MWCNTs. ACS Omega 2021; 6, 14004-14.
S Bhattacharjee, AA Ralib, A Vyakaranam, SD Svpk, SSS Shameem, R Sulo and AA Zainuddin. Study of multichannel QCM prospects in VOC detection. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2021; 1900, 012020.
P Izak, S Hovorka, T Bartovsky, L Bartovska and JG Crespo. Swelling of polymeric membranes in room temperature ionic liquids. J. Membr. Sci. 2007; 296, 131-8.
R Masruroh, MA Oktafiansyah and DJDHS Hanif. Improving the swelling effect of copper phthalocyanine surfaces by controlling surface wettability and microstructure using oxygen plasma treatment. Rom. J. Phys. 2022; 67, 001.
GD Francia, AI Grimaldi, E Massera, ML Miglietta and T Polichetti. Real time investigation of swelling kinetics and electrical response in polymer nanocomposite based chemical sensor. in Procedia Chem. 2009; 1, 939-42.
D Franke and G Gerlach. Swelling studies of porous and nonporous semi-IPN hydrogels for sensor and actuator applications. Micromachines 2020; 11, 425.
LA Errede. Polymer swelling: 11. A molecular interpretation of association in polystyrene-liquid systems. Polymer 1992; 33, 2168-76.
D Hariharan and NA Peppas. Swelling of ionic and neutral polymer networks in ionic solutions. J. Membr. Sci. 1993; 78, 1-12.
D Wang and CJ Cornelius. Ionomer thermodynamic interrelationships associated with wettability, surface energy, swelling, and water transport. Eur. Polymer J. 2016; 85, 126-38.
F Muralter, A Perrotta and AM Coclite. Thickness-dependent swelling behavior of vapor-deposited smart polymer thin films. Macromolecules 2018; 51, 9692-9.
S Tuntikulwattana, N Sinchaipanid, W Ketjinda, DB Williams and A Mitrevej. Fabrication of chitosanpolyacrylic acid complexes as polymeric osmogents for swellable micro/nanoporous osmotic pumps. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2011; 37, 926-33.
A Rianjanu, SN Hidayat, T Julian, EA Suyono, A Kusumaatmaja and K Triyana. Swelling behavior in solvent vapor sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) coated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber swelling behavior in solvent vapor sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) coated polyacrylonitrile (PAN). IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2018; 367, 012020.
JD Grooth, W Ogieglo, WMD Vos, M Gironès, K Nijmeijer and NE Benes. Swelling dynamics of zwitterionic copolymers: The effects of concentration and type of anion and cation. Eur. Polymer J. 2014; 55, 57-65.
GB Sukhorukov, J Schmitt and G Decher. Reversible swelling of polyanion/polycation multilayer films in solutions of different ionic strength. Berichte Bunsengesellschaft für Phys. Chem. 1996; 100, 948-53.
AM Saeed. Temperature effect on swelling properties of commercial polyacrylic acid hydrogel beads. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res. 2013; 1, 1614-27.
M Evyapan, B Kadem, TV Basova, IV Yushina and AK Hassan. Study of the sensor response of spun metal phthalocyanine films to volatile organic vapors using surface plasmon resonance. Sensor. Actuator. B Chem. 2016; 236, 605-13.
EA Lukyanets and VN Nemykin. The key role of peripheral substituents in the chemistry of phthalocyanines and their analogs. J. Porphyrins Phthalocyanines 2010; 14, 1-40.
M Grobosch, C Schmidt, R Kraus and M Knupfer. Electronic properties of transition metal phthalocyanines: The impact of the central metal atom (d5-d10). Org. Electron. 2010; 11, 1483-8.
B Derkowska, M Wojdyła, R Czaplicki, W Bała and B Sahraoui. Influence of the central metal atom on the nonlinear optical properties of MPcs solutions and thin films. Optic. Comm. 2007; 274, 206-12.
S Senthilarasu, YB Hahn and SH Lee. Structural analysis of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) thin films: X-ray diffraction study. J. Appl. Phys. 2007; 102, 043512.
B Przybyl and J Janczak. Complexes of zinc phthalocyanine with monoaxially coordinated imidazole-derivative ligands. Dyes Pigments 2016; 130, 54-62.
RL Pérez, CE Ayala, JY Park, JW Choi and IM Warner. Coating-based quartz crystal microbalance detection methods of environmentally relevant volatile organic compounds. Chemosensors 2021; 9, 153.
C Schünemann, C Elschner, AA Levin, M Levichkova, K Leo and M Riede. Zinc phthalocyanine - Influence of substrate temperature, film thickness, and kind of substrate on the morphology. Thin Solid Films 2011; 519, 3939-45.
C Medina-Plaza, G Revilla, R Muñoz, JA Fernández-Escudero, E Barajas, G Medrano, JAD Saja and ML Rodriguez-Mendez. Electronic tongue formed by sensors and biosensors containing phthalocyanines as electron mediators: Application to the analysis of red grapes. J. Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 2014; 18, 76-86.
X Yang, M Zhang, Z Chen, Y Bu, X Gao, Y Sui and Y Yu. Sodium alginate micelle-encapsulating zinc phthalocyanine dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical biosensor with CdS as the photoelectric material for Hg2+ detection. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfac. 2021; 13, 16828-36.
HJ Lim, T Saha, BT Tey, WS Tan and CW Ooi. Quartz crystal microbalance-based biosensors as rapid diagnostic devices for infectious diseases. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2020; 168, 112513.
R Oktafiansyah, DJDH Santjojo, SP Sakti, TN Zafirah, M Ghufron, NF Khusnah and Masruroh. Swelling effect observation of the copper phthalocyanine layer on QCM and its effect on surface roughness and morphology changes. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2020; 833, 012082.
D Roy, NM Das, N Shakti and PS Gupta. Comparative study of optical, structural and electrical properties of zinc phthalocyanine langmuir-blodgett thin film on annealing. RSC Adv. 2014; 4, 42514-22.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Walailak University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
