Phytochemicals, Cytotoxicity, Inhibitory Effect on Nitric Oxide Production and Alpha-Glucosidase Activity, and DPPH Scavenging Activity of Leaf Extract from Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.6548Keywords:
Gymnema inodorum, Chemical components, α-glucosidase, DPPH, NO production, Phytochemicals, Inflammatory mediatorAbstract
Investigation of phytochemicals, cyto-toxicity, inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production and α-glucosidase activity, and DPPH scavenging activity of leaf extract from Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne (LEGI) revealed that GC-MS analysis demonstrated the presence of 83 phytochemicals with 5 main compounds i.e. Phytol (18.14 %), n-Hexadecanoic acid (12.45 %), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(3.92 %), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-(10.39 %) and Betulin (8.56 %), and 78 trace compounds in LEGI. MTT assay to investigate cytotoxicity showed that LEGI exhibited low cytotoxicity to the RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 of 128.77±2.82 µg/mL. Treatment with the LEGI significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, an inflammatory mediator, in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. At the concentration of 50 mg/mL, LEGI inhibited NO production by 16.73±1.52 % which was less than Diclofenac did (27.07±1.81 %). The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity to determine the antidiabetic activity showed that LEGI exhibited the inhibition on α-glucosidase activity with IC50 of 0.34 mg/mL, which was less potent than Acarbose (IC50 of 0.20 mg/mL). Assay of 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl- hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging to examine antioxidant activity revealed that LEGI demonstrated less potent DPPH scavenging activity compared to Butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT with IC50 of 0.43 vs 0.36 mg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that the leaf extract from G. inodorum possesses anti-inflamatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities that can be developed and used as natural agents for the tréamatent of diseases related to these activities.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Using GC-MS analysis, there are 83 phytochemicals identified with 5 main compounds i.e. Phytol, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)- and Betulin, and 78 trace compounds in the ethanol leaf extract from Gymnema inodorum, and Phytol is the most predominant compound
- The extract can inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production, indicating its anti-inflammatory property
- The extract displays the inhibitory effect on α-Glucosidase activity, suggesting that the extract can be applied for antidiabetic management
- The extract possesses antioxidant property as evidenced by scavenging DPPH free radicals
- The extract shows low cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 of 128.77±2.82 µg/ml, by MTT assay
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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