Phytochemicals and Antidiabetic, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanol Flower Extract of Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (Myrtaceae)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.3583Keywords:
Syzygium aromaticum, Phytochemicals, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatoryAbstract
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry is a spice that has been used traditionally for centuries to preserve food and treat for a number of ailments. This research was carried out to analyze phytochemicals and to determine antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of 95 % ethanol flower extract from S. aromaticum (FESA). The GC-MS analysis demonstrated the presence of 17 bioactive compounds in FESA, with eugenol (56.17 %) the most active compound. Antidiabetic activity study revealed that the inhibitory activity of the FESA against α-glucosidase enzyme was stronger than the activity of Acarbose, an antidiabetic drug. In addition, the FESA exhibited potent antioxidant activity by inhibiting 2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylhydrate (DPPH) free radicals higher than butylated hydroxyltoluene (BHT), a synthetic antioxidant. Furthermore, the FESA potentially inhibited the nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells but less effective than Diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The activities of FESA are partly due to the presence of active compounds. The results obtained confirm the antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and the traditional used of S. aromaticum for the treatment of diabetes and oxidative and inflammatory-related diseases.
HIGHLIGHTS
- The most predominant bioactive compound in FESA is eugenol (56.17 %), analyzed by GC-MS
- FESA inhibits α-glucosidase activity significantly higher than acarbose, an antidiabetic drug. The FESA is therefore helpful to delay or possibly prevent the development of the diabetic complication
- The FESA exhibits DPPH radical scavenging activity is more potent than BHT, an antioxidant compound
- The FESA can provide a novel natural anti- inflammatory agent resource, as evidenced by the inhibitory effect of FESA on nitric oxide (NO) production
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT 
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