Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Citrullus lanatus Rind Extraction Conditions, Phytochemical Screening and its Antioxidant Activities
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.6997Keywords:
Response surface methodology, Citrullus lanatus, Extraction, Optimization, Phytochemical, Total phenolic content, AntioxidantAbstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) is one of the statistical approaches that can be used to determine the correlation between extraction parameters and the extraction yield of bioactive compounds. Citrullus lanatus rind contains various therapeutic values but has often been discarded as waste. This study aims to find the optimum extraction conditions for the yield of C. lanatus rind extract, perform phytochemical screening, and determine the antioxidant activities. Extraction was carried out by maceration technique using methanol as a solvent with a solids-to-solvent ratio of 1:30 w/v. The extraction conditions of C. lanatus rind were optimized using RSM and the optimum yield of 37.24 % was predicted at 41.7 °C after 6 h of extraction. The average actual yield obtained at the optimum conditions was 37.01 % ± 0.66, indicating good agreement with the predicted value. The phytochemical screening of methanolic rind extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, phenols, and flavonoids. The total phenolic content of methanolic rind extract ranging from 56.975 to 88.245 mg GAE/g using gallic acid as a standard, and the DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 443.10 µg/mL was obtained. This study demonstrated that this unutilized C. lanatus rind contains bioactive substituents and can act as a promising natural antioxidant.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the extraction conditions to achieve the highest extraction yield of Citrullus lanatus rind
- Both extraction parameters (time and temperature) had a significant effect on the extraction yield with time having a greater effect on extraction yield
- The methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus rind revealed the presence of several classes of phytochemicals including alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, phenols and flavonoids
- Significant total phenolic content with the radical scavenging activity of more than 90 % at 1,000 ppm showed that the Citrullus lanatus rind may be a promising candidate for natural antioxidants
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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