Geraniin-Rich Rambutan Peel Nanoemulsion: Enzyme Inhibition and Antioxidant Activities for Cosmeceutical Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2026.13136Keywords:
Anti-aging, Enzyme inhibition, Molecular docking, Nanoemulsion, Rambutan peel, Anti-aging, Enzyme inhibition, Molecular docking, Nanoemulsion, Rambutan peelAbstract
This study evaluated the anti-aging potential of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel extract through phytochemical profiling, enzyme inhibition, molecular docking, and nanoemulsion formulation. The extract showed high phenolic content and strong antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 3.53 ± 0.05 µg/mL). LC-MS/MS analysis identified geraniin and ellagic acid as major bioactive compounds. The extract exhibited concentration-dependent inhibition of key skin-aging enzymes, with pronounced collagenase inhibition and moderate elastase and tyrosinase inhibition, supported by molecular docking demonstrating strong binding affinity of geraniin. Optimized oil-in-water nanoemulsions displayed nanoscale particle sizes (266.7 - 275.5 nm) with moderate polydispersity (PDI = 0.325 - 0.332) and excellent physicochemical stability over 7 days. Notably, the nanoemulsion system enhanced the stability and functional delivery of phenolic compounds, providing a practical approach for improving bioactivity in cosmeceutical formulations while promoting the valorization of rambutan peel waste within a circular economy framework. The formulations retained high antioxidant activity (91% - 95%), tyrosinase inhibition, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. These results demonstrate the potential of geraniin-rich rambutan peel nanoemulsions as promising candidates for cosmeceutical applications.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Rambutan peel extract inhibits skin-aging enzymes, with strong collagenase inhibition
- Geraniin shows strong binding to key anti-aging enzymes (−9.09 to −10.32 kcal/mol)
- Phenolics reduce nanoemulsion particle size (3–5-fold)
- Nanoemulsions retain antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-tyrosinase activities
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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