Impact of Gamma Ray and X-ray Irradiation on the Microbial Load and Cosmeceutical Properties of Thanaka Powder
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2026.11354Keywords:
Gamma ray, X-ray, Irradiation, Microbiological quality, Cosmeceutical properties, Arbutin, MarmasinAbstract
Thanaka (Hesperethusa crenulata Roem) is a traditional herbal powder widely used in cosmetic formulations for its skin-protective properties. However, microbial contamination during processing poses a safety concern. This study evaluated the effects of gamma ray and X-ray irradiation (5 - 20 kGy) on the microbial load and cosmeceutical properties of Thanaka powder. Non-irradiated Thanaka had TVC of 3.0×103 and TYM of 2.0×102 CFU/g. Irradiation ≥ 5 kGy reduced both to undetectable levels, meeting Thai FDA standards. Minor color changes like dose-dependent darkening and a green-to-red shift occurred but did not affect the powder’s cosmetic quality. Key bioactive compounds, including arbutin (2.06 - 2.16 mg/mL) and marmesin (0.12 - 0.14 mg/mL), as well as tyrosinase inhibitory activity (8.10% - 8.85%), sun protection factor (SPF, 6.17 - 6.89), total phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP), remained stable post-irradiation. These findings indicate that ionizing radiation is an effective method for enhancing the microbiological quality of Thanaka powder without compromising its functional or aesthetic qualities, with X-ray irradiation offering a practical alternative to gamma ray.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Gamma ray and X-ray irradiation (5 - 20 kGy) reduce microbial load in Thanaka powder.
- Treatments meet Thai FDA safety standards.
- Arbutin and marmesin remain stable after irradiation.
- Antioxidant activity, tyrosinase inhibition, and SPF are preserved.
- X-ray is a viable non-radioactive sterilization method.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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