Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Allium chinense G. Don Extract on Pancreatic Histopathology and Apoptosis Biomarker Modulation in Diabetic Rat Models
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2025.10638Keywords:
Allium chinense, Polyphenol, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Histopathology, ApoptosisAbstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and β cell dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of an ethanolic extract of Allium chinense. Phytochemical analysis using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) confirmed the presence of bioactive flavonoids and phenolic compounds, including quercetin and 3-hydroxyflavanone, in the extracts. The extract exhibited moderate antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 232.0 ± 15.2 μg/mL), with total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 18.06 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g and 5.73 ± 0.04 mg QE/g, respectively. In vivo evaluation was conducted using 30 male Wistar rats divided into 6 groups: Normal group (N), diabetic control (K−), glibenclamide-treated group (K+, 0.45 mg/kg BW), and treatment groups P1, P2, and P3 receiving 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg BW of extract, respectively, for 28 days. The measured parameters included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, superoxide dismutase (SOD), pancreatic histopathology, and expression of insulin, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and caspase-3. The results showed that extract significantly reduced blood glucose and HbA1c levels, increased SOD activity, improved pancreatic structure, and modulated insulin, iNOS, and caspase-3 expression. The most effective response was observed in group P3 (600 mg/kg BW), which showed outcomes comparable to those of group K(+). In conclusion, A. chinense demonstrated significant antidiabetic effects through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms and may serve as a promising natural adjuvant in the management of diabetes.
HIGHLIGHTS
- The ethanol extract of Allium chinense is rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, exhibiting strong antioxidant activity.
- The extract significantly reduced blood glucose and HbA1c levels and enhanced SOD activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
- Histopathological analyses showed improved pancreatic structure, increased insulin expression, and decreased iNOS and caspase-3 expression, particularly at 600 mg/kg BW.
- Allium chinense demonstrates potential as a natural adjuvant for diabetes management through its antioxidant and antiapoptotic mechanisms, warranting further studies on its active constituents and safety.
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