Protein-Bound Polysaccharide K (PSK)-Rich Extract of Lentinus Polychrous Exhibits Anticancer Activity by Apoptosis Induction and Cell Cycle Arrest in Cholangiocarcinoma Cells

Authors

  • Jeranan Jantra Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
  • Jongrk Attarat Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
  • Pattaravadee Srikoon Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutical, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
  • Chaiwat Chueaiphuk Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
  • Sopit Wongkham Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
  • Suchada Phimsen Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2025.8806

Keywords:

Cholangiocarcinoma, Lentinus polychrous, Anticancer, Apoptosis, Cell cycle, Protein-bound polysaccharide K (PSK), Antioxidant

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an uncommon adenocarcinoma of the bile duct epithelial. There is no standard regimen yet for patients with adequate performance status. Therefore, effective agents are necessary. Recently, protein-bound polysaccharide K (PSK) has shown a great anticancer potential. L. polychrous is a Thai local edible mushroom that traditionally used as a folk medicine for treatments of fever and inflammation. This study aimed to identify the PSK from hot water extract of L. polychrous and examine the anticancer activity against a CCA cell line KKU-213A. The PSK were quantified by ELISA and characterized using SDS-PAGE, glycoprotein staining kit, and western blot analysis. The antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH assay. Cytotoxic effect against KKU-213A was assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. The highest PSK levels were found in L. polychrous extract compared with the other 14 mushroom species which purified PSK is approximately 70 kDa of glycoprotein. The hot water extract of L. polychrous showed strong antioxidant activity. The cell viability of KKU-213A cells was significantly inhibited with L. polychrous extract at an IC50 value of 3.31 ± 0.09 mg/mL. In addition, the induction of cell cycle arrest at S and G2/M phases was observed together with induction of apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane dysfunction in concentration-dependent manner. Hence the L. polychrous extract is the great source of PSK with strong antioxidant activity and exhibits anti-CCA effects through cell cycle arrest and apoptotic induction.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Lentinus polychrous, a Thai local edible mushroom, is the good source of PSK and powerful antioxidant activity.
  • The hot water extract of L. polychrous suppresses cell viability, induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and mitochondrial dysfunction in CCA cell line.
  • The anticancer effects of L. polychrous extract against CCA cells makes it a potential agent for CCA treatment.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Published

2024-11-15

Issue

Vol. 22 No. 1 (2025): Trends in Sciences, Volume 22, Number 1, January 2025

Section

Research Articles

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