Electron Beam Induced Mutation in Curcuma longa L. Against Bacterial Wilt Disease

Authors

  • Thanaporn Rodthaing Department of Applied radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
  • Supot Kasem Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
  • Ornusa Khamsuk Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
  • Shermarl Wongchaochant Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
  • Natnichaphu Sukin Nuclear Technology Research Center, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
  • Peeranuch Jompuk Department of Applied radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
  • Katarut Chutinanthakun Department of Applied radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.8061

Keywords:

Bacterial wilt disease, Electron beam, Induce mutation, Tissue culture, Turmeric

Abstract

Curcuma longa L. is a medicinal plant that contains bioactive constituents with various pharmacological properties. However, turmeric is vulnerable to the bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, substantially lowering yields and resulting in death. Thus, this study aims to induce mutations of turmeric cv. ‘Trang 2’ by applying electron beams (8 MeV) and selecting the resulting populations resistant to bacterial wilt disease. Sixty-day-old plantlets cultured in vitro were exposed to 0, 50, 100 and 150 Gy electron beams with a 240 Gy/min dose rate. The experiment was performed at the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology. To explore the potential of electron beam sensitivity in the survival and growth rate, unirradiated plantlets were used to normalize the radiation treatments. Plantlet survival was used to calculate the lethal dose (LD), and the number of new shoots was used to estimate the growth reduction (GR) dose through regression analysis. The survival and growth rates of the plantlets decreased as the radiation dose increased. At doses of 100 and 150 Gy, the turmeric plantlets could not produce new shoots. The median lethal dose (LD50) was 58.6 Gy. A 50 % growth reduction dose (GR50) was observed at 45.3 Gy. Symptom severity ranged from 11.7 to 91.7 %, demonstrating significantly lower levels in the EBRTP-2 and EBRTP-4 M1V5 electron-beam-irradiated populations. Furthermore, the disease incidence was 33.3 % in the EBRTP-6 population. Finally, turmeric populations resistant to bacterial wilt (EBRTP-2, EBRTP-4 and EBRTP-6) were isolated after electron-beam-induced mutation at 50 Gy.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • The lethal dose (LD) and growth reduction dose (GR) in electron beam in vitro irradiated samples were calculated using the regression equation of the survival rate and the growth rate, respectively. The median lethal dose was 58.6 Gy (LD50), while a 50 % growth reduction dose was revealed at 45.3 Gy (GR50). This information will provide the baseline for optimum dose utility in a turmeric mutation breeding program.
  • This study was productive in performing artificial inoculations by immersion of wounded roots in bacterial cells-suspension compared to the other inoculation methods by injection of bacterial cells suspension at the base of the stem and soil infestation (data not shown). The symptoms of wilting caused by infections by Ralstonia solanacearum are influenced by pathogenic strains, inoculation methods and environmental factors.
  • The electron beam can also be used as an effective mutagen in turmeric. In this study, turmeric populations resistant to bacterial wilt (EBRTP-2, EBRTP-4 and EBRTP-6) were isolated after electron-beam-induced mutation at 50 Gy.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Published

2024-09-10

Issue

Vol. 21 No. 10 (2024): Trends in Sciences, Volume 21, Number 10, October 2024

Section

Research Articles

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