miR-15b-5p in Cancers: Expression Patterns and Regulatory Pathways
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2026.13197Keywords:
miRNA, miR-15b-5p, Profiling, OncomiR, Tumor suppressor miRNA, Pathways, CancersAbstract
miR-15b-5p is a multifunctional microRNA (miRNA) that is highly context-dependent in cancer, acting as either an oncomiR or a tumor suppressor miRNA (TSM) depending on tumor type, molecular characteristics, and microenvironment. This review synthesizes existing evidence to outline pathway and network integration underlying the context-dependent biological roles of miR-15b-5p across different cancers. Integrated multi-omics cancer profiling demonstrates significant upregulation across several solid tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colorectal cancer (CRC), prostate cancer (PCa), melanoma, and early-stage breast cancer. Conversely, downregulation has been observed in some malignancies, such as Hodgkin’s lymphoma, renal cell carcinoma, and KRAS-mutant CRC. This indicates the dual roles of miR-15b-5p. Upstream, miR-15b-5p is regulated by multiple lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes, which affect key targets such as CHRM3, PPM1D, CCND1, CDC42, CA2, and CCNE2, which are involved in oncogenic pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, p53, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, and VEGF signaling. In our analysis, the PI3K/Akt network and its interaction with p53 and mTOR appear to be prominently affected signaling pathways, although other regulators such as PAQR3, AXIN2, and ACVR2A may contribute to broader tumor-specific phenotypes. By systematically integrating evidence across diverse malignancies and distinguishing experimentally validated targets from predicted interactions, this study provides a consolidated and mechanistically grounded framework positioning miR-15b-5p as a context-dependent therapeutic, prognostic, and diagnostic candidate. While current evidence remains largely preclinical, our synthesis clarifies inconsistencies in the literature and establishes a structured foundation for future clinical validation.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Dual roles of miR-15b-5p as an oncomiR and tumor suppressor miR in cancer pathogenesis has been described in many studies.
- miR-15b-5p is regulated by multiple lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes, which affect key target genes.
- Several key cancer related signaling pathways are regulated by miR-15b-5p, including PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, p53, MAPK/ERK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, and VEGF signaling.
- mir15b-5p' has potential as a therapeutic target, prognostic, and diagnostic biomarker in human cancers.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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