Effect of Graphene Oxide Concentration and Sintering Conditions on the Electrical Conductivity of MnO₂/N-Doped Graphene Composites for Potential Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2026.13157Keywords:
MnO2/N-doped graphene, Puspa wood biomass, Lithium-ion battery, Anode material, Hydrothermal, Electrical conductivityAbstract
Advancing energy storage technology is crucial for a sustainable future. The development of sustainable anode materials is essential for advancing lithium-ion battery (LiB) technology. This study reports the synthesis, optimization, and characterization of a MnO₂/N-doped graphene (MnO2/NDG) composite derived from puspa wood biomass via a one-step hydrothermal method. Variations in graphene oxide (GO) concentration (0.167, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL) and sintering temperature (400 - 550 °C) were conducted to optimize the composite’s electrical conductivity. The materials were characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, and TEM to identify crystal structure, functional groups, optical properties, and morphology. Results show that the optimum conditions were achieved at a GO concentration of 0.167 mg/mL and a sintering temperature of 550 °C, yielding a significantly enhanced electrical conductivity of 3.38×10–5 S/cm. This enhancement, stemming from the formation of a stable conductive network, addresses a key limitation for electrode applications. XRD and TEM analyses confirmed the formation of the α-MnO₂ (hollandite) phase with a nanorod morphology uniformly dispersed on graphene sheets. The sintering process strengthened Mn–O bonds and enhanced the reduction of GO to reduced graphene oxide (rGO), resulting in a stable conductive network. This study demonstrates the potential of puspa wood biomass as a sustainable carbon precursor for developing MnO₂/NDG composites with enhanced electrical properties for further investigation as anode materials.
HIGHLIGHTS
- MnO₂/N-doped graphene composite was successfully synthesized from Puspa wood biomass using a one-step hydrothermal method.
- The optimal electrical conductivity of 3.38 × 10⁻⁵ S/cm was achieved at 0.167 mg/mL GO and sintering temperature of 550°C.
- The rGO network forms a carpet-like percolating conductive pathway, significantly enhancing charge transport.
- Nitrogen doping (0.83 wt%) plays a supporting role in improving charge carrier density.
- The biomass-derived composite shows competitive electrical performance compared to modified carbon-based anodes.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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