Cyclooxygenase Modulatory Activity of γ-Oryzanol from Pathumthani 1 Rice Bran: Integration of HPLC Composition, Cell Assays, and Molecular Docking
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2026.12666Keywords:
Pathumthani 1 (PTT1) rice bran, γ-Oryzanol, COX-2 selectivity, Pathumthani 1 (PTT1) rice bran, γ-Oryzanol, Steryl ferulates, Campesteryl ferulate, Anti-inflammatory, COX-2 selectivity, Molecular dockingAbstract
Gamma (g)-Oryzanol, a mixture of ferulic acid esters of plant sterols and triterpene alcohols, exhibits notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated the composition and cyclooxygenase (COX) modulatory activity of γ-oryzanol extract obtained from Oryza sativa L. var. indica cv. Pathumthani 1 (PTT1) rice bran. Quantitative HPLC analysis indicated a total γ-oryzanol content of 71.93 ± 8.74 mg/100 g extract, with cycloartenyl ferulate, 24-methylenecycloartanyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate, and sitosteryl ferulates as the primary constituents. COX activity assays in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages demonstrated that the extract selectively inhibited COX-2 activity in a dose-dependent manner, whereas COX-1 inhibition was not statistically significant, indicating enzyme selectivity. Complementary molecular docking analysis further supported these findings, showing that all steryl ferulates exhibited stable binding conformations within the COX-2 catalytic cleft with low RMSD values. Among them, campesteryl ferulate displayed the most favorable binding energy toward both COX isoforms. Collectively, these results emphasize the possible use of γ-oryzanol from PTT1 rice bran as a natural COX-2 selective modulator with therapeutic relevance in inflammatory regulation.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Pathumthani 1 (PTT1) rice bran showed high concentration of total γ-oryzanol.
- γ-Oryzanol from PTT1 rice bran selectively inhibited COX-2 activity.
- Molecular docking demonstrated campesteryl ferulate having stable COX-2 binding with strong affinity.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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