Nanomaterials and Vitamins to Combat Future Pandemics: Lessons from COVID-19: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2026.11481Keywords:
Nanoparticles, COVID-19, SARS- CoV, MERS-COV, Vaccines, Drugs, VitaminsAbstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has infected over 100 million people globally due to its high infectivity. After decades of efforts on the studies of nanomaterials, researchers have applied nanomaterials‐based strategies to combat the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). First, nanomaterials facilitate the development of easy, fast, and low‐cost diagnostic assays to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 and related biomarkers. Second, nanomaterials enable the efficient delivery of viral antigens to antigen‐presenting cells or serve as adjuvants in the host, leading to vaccine development at an unprecedented pace. Lastly, nanomaterials‐based treatments may inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 replication and reduce inflammation. Overall, nanomaterials have played important roles in controlling this COVID‐19 pandemic. Here, we provide a brief overview of the representative examples of nanomaterials‐based diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics in the fight against COVID‐19. The use and effectiveness of state responses is constantly evolving, particularly in relation to physical distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Testing is a measure of response performance and will be a central point during the infectious disease pandemic as all countries face similar situations. COVID-19 is a unique opportunity to assess and measure the success of a country, control its spread, and combat the social and economic impacts of interventions. By fighting the factors associated with testing and reporting, understanding the limits on COVID-19 case numbers will strengthen the country’s response to these and future pandemics, and improve the reliability of the knowledge gained by cross-country comparisons. With amazing and amazing COVID-19, a lack of testing may not trust the efforts of the entire community, rather than the entire population. The emergence of novel strains of SARS-CoV-2 highlights the pressing need to investigate various strategies for enhancing pandemic resilience. Even though tried-and-true methods like social separation, masks, and vaccinations have proven effective, issues with immunizations make finding a global answer more complex. This paper underscores the pivotal connection between immunological resilience and vitamins, shedding light on the compromised immune response resulting from undernourishment. Vitamins become essential for protecting the body from viral invasion, particularly from SARS-CoV-2. Crucial roles in cellular activities are played by vitamin A, which is necessary for vision, and the B-vitamin complex, which supports energy synthesis and nerve function. In the context of viral infections, the significance of vitamin D, crucial for both immune system function and bone health, along with vitamin C and its ability to combat free radicals, becomes paramount.This research aims to to elucidate the specific effects and mechanisms by which essential vitamins (A, B, C, D, and E) contribute to the mitigation of COVID-19. By investigating the distinct roles of vitamins within the framework of the pandemic, this research seeks to clarify the potential benefits that these micronutrients may offer in mitigating the severity of COVID-19 and bolstering immune responses to combat viral infectons.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Investigating comparative analysis of biological features of SARS-CoV and COVID-19.
- Investigating Coronavirus binding with the ACE2 receptor.
- Investigating nanomaterials-based diagnostics for tracking SARS-COV-2.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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