Dendrimers in Medicine: Properties, Drug Encapsulation Mechanisms and Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2025.10085Keywords:
Polymeric, Drug delivery, Dendrimers, Medical, Pharmaceutical, PhysicochemicalAbstract
Dendrimers are nano-sized, radially symmetric molecules with well-defined, homogeneous, and monodisperse structure that has a typically symmetric core, an inner shell, and an outer shell. Each group of dendrimers is very similar in terms of size, shape, length of branches, surface functional groups, and surface properties. Dendrimers can trap different molecules among their branches according to their size, surface properties (such as electrical charge), and functional groups, and prevent them from being affected by external factors. They can also release the molecules inside them according to environmental conditions. Dendrimers can be used to transport hydrophobic molecules in a hydrophilic environment and vice versa. These varied characteristics make dendrimers a good choice in the medical field, and this review covers their diverse applications.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Investigating Features of dendrimers.
- Investigating Types of dendrimers.
- Investigating Dendrimer Drugs.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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References
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E Kianfar. Synthesis and characterization of AlPO4/ZSM-5 catalyst for methanol conversion to dimethyl ether. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 2018; 91, 1711-1720.
E Kianfar. Ethylene to propylene conversion over Ni-W/ZSM-5 catalyst. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 2019; 92, 1094-1101.
E Kianfar, M Salimi, F Kianfar, M Kianfar and SAH Razavikia. CO2/N2 separation using polyvinyl chloride iso-phthalic acid/aluminium nitrate nanocomposite membrane. Macromolecular Research 2019; 27, 83-89.
E Kianfar. Ethylene to propylene over zeolite ZSM-5: Improved catalyst performance by treatment with CuO. Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 2019; 92, 933-939.
E Kianfar, M Shirshahi, F Kianfar and F Kianfar. Simultaneous prediction of the density, viscosity and electrical conductivity of pyridinium-based hydrophobic ionic liquids using artificial neural network. Silicon 2018; 10, 2617-2625.
M Salimi, V Pirouzfar and E Kianfar. Novel nanocomposite membranes prepared with PVC/ABS and silica nanoparticles for C2H6/CH4 separation. Polymer Science, Series A 2017; 59, 566-574.
F Kianfar and E Kianfar. Synthesis of isophthalic acid/aluminum nitrate thin film nanocomposite membrane for hard water softening. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 2019; 29, 2176-2185.
E Kianfar, R Azimikia and SM Faghih. Simple and strong dative attachment of α-diimine nickel (II) catalysts on supports for ethylene polymerization with controlled morphology. Catalysis Letters 2020; 150, 2322-2330.
E Kianfar. Nanozeolites: Synthesized, properties, applications. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 2019; 91, 415-429.
H Liu and E Kianfar. Investigation the Synthesis of Nano-SAPO-34 catalyst prepared by different templates for MTO process. Catalysis Letters 2020; 151, 787-802.
E Kianfar, M Salimi, S Hajimirzaee and B Koohestani. Methanol to gasoline conversion over CuO/ZSM-5 catalyst synthesized using sonochemistry method. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 2018; 17(2), 1-10.
E Kianfar, M Salimi, V Pirouzfar and B Koohestani. Synthesis of modified catalyst and stabilization of CuO/NH4-ZSM-5 for conversion of methanol to gasoline. International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology 2017; 15(3), 734-741.
E Kianfar, M Salimi, V Pirouzfar and B Koohestani. Synthesis and modification of zeolite ZSM-5 catalyst with solutions of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) for methanol to gasoline conversion. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 2018; 16(7), 1-7.
E Kianfar. Comparison and assessment of zeolite catalysts performance dimethyl ether and light olefins production through methanol: A review. Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 2019; 39(3), 157-177.
E Kianfar and M Salimi. A Review on the production of light olefins from hydrocarbons cracking and methanol conversion. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2020.
E Kianfar and A Razavi. Zeolite catalyst based selective for the process MTG: A review. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2020.
E Kianfar. Zeolites: Properties, applications, modification and selectivity. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2020.
E Kianfar, S Hajimirzaee, SS Musavian and AS Mehr. Zeolite-based catalysts for methanol to gasoline process: A review. Microchemical Journal 2020; 156, 104822.
E Kianfar, M Baghernejad and Y Rahimdashti. Study synthesis of vanadium oxide nanotubes with two template hexadecylamin and hexylamine. Biological Forum-An International Journal 2015; 7(1), 1671-1685.
E Kianfar. Synthesizing of vanadium oxide nanotubes using hydrothermal and ultrasonic method. Lambert Academic Publishing, London, 2020.
E Kianfar, V Pirouzfar and H Sakhaeinia. An experimental study on absorption/stripping CO2 using Mono-ethanol amine hollow fiber membrane contactor. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 2017; 80, 954-962.
E Kianfar and C Viet. Polymeric membranes on base of PolyMethyl methacrylate for air separation: A review. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2021; 10, 1437-1461.
S Mousavian, P Faravar, Z Zarei, R Azimikia, MG Monjezi and E Kianfar. Modeling and simulation absorption of CO2 using hollow fiber membranes (HFM) with mono-ethanol amine with computational fluid dynamics. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2020; 8(4), 103946.
Z Yang, L Zhang, Y Zhou, H Wang, L Wen and E Kianfar. Investigation of effective parameters on SAPO-34 Nano catalyst the methanol-to-olefin conversion process: A review. Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 2020; 40(3), 91-105.
C Gao, J Liao, J Lu, J Ma and E Kianfar. The effect of nanoparticles on gas permeability with polyimide membranes and network hybrid membranes: A review. Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 2020; 41(1), 1-20.
E Kianfar, M Salimi and B Koohestani. Zeolite CATALYST: A review on the production of light olefins. Lambert Academic Publishing, London, 2020.
E Kianfar. Investigation on catalysts of “Methanol to light Olefins”. Lambert Academic Publishing, London, 2020.
E Kianfar, AH Joshaghani and S Razavika. Application of nanotechnology in enhanced recovery oil and gas. MedDocs Publishers, Nevada, 2020.
E Kianfar. Catalytic properties of nanomaterials and factors affecting it. MedDocs Publishers, Nevada, 2020.
E Kianfar. Introducing the application of nanotechnology in lithium-ion. MedDocs Publishers, Nevada, 2020.
E Kianfar and H Mazaheri. Synthesis of nanocomposite (CAU-10-H) thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane for removal of color from the water. Fine Chemical Engineering 2020; 1, 83-91.
E Kianfar. Simultaneous prediction of the density and viscosity of the ternary system water-ethanol-ethylene glycol using support vector machine. Fine Chemical Engineering 2020; 1(2), 69-74.
E Kianfar, M Salimi and B Koohestani. Methanol to gasoline conversion over CuO / ZSM-5 catalyst synthesized and influence of water on conversion. Fine Chemical Engineering 2020; 1(2), 75-82.
E Kianfar. An experimental study PVDF and PSF hollow fiber membranes for chemical absorption carbon dioxide. Fine Chemical Engineering 2020; 1(2), 92-103.
E Kianfar and S Mafi. Ionic liquids: Properties, application, and synthesis. Fine Chemical Engineering 2020; 2(1), 22-31.
SM Faghih and E Kianfar. Modeling of fluid bed reactor of ethylene dichloride production in Abadan Petrochemical based on three-phase hydrodynamic model. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 2018; 16(9), 1-14.
E Kianfar and H Mazaheri. Methanol to gasoline: A sustainable transport fuel. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2020.
E Kianfar. A comparison and assessment on performance of zeolite catalyst based selective for theprocess methanol to gasoline: A review. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2020.
E Kianfar, S Hajimirzaee, SM Faghih and S Akhgar. Polyvinyl chloride + nanoparticles titanium oxide Membrane for Separation of O2 / N2. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2020.
E Kianfar. Synthesis of characterization Nanoparticles isophthalic acid / aluminum nitrate (CAU-10-H) using method hydrothermal. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2020.
E Kianfar. CO2 capture with ionic liquids: A review. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2020.
E Kianfar. Enhanced light olefins production via methanol dehydration over promoted SAPO-34. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2020.
E Kianfar. Gas hydrate: Applications, structure, formation, separation processes, thermodynamics. Nova Science Publishers, New York, 2020.
M Kianfar, F Kianfar and E Kianfar. The effect of nano-composites on the mechanic and morphological characteristics of NBR/PA6 blends. American Journal of Oil and Chemical Technologies 2016; 4(1), 29-44.
F Kianfar, SRM Moghadam and E Kianfar. Energy optimization of ilam gas refinery unit 100 by using HYSYS refinery software. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 2015; 8(S9), 431-436.
E Kianfar. Production and identification of vanadium oxide nanotubes. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 2015; 8(S9), 455-464.
F Kianfar, SRM Moghadam and E Kianfar. Synthesis of spiro pyran by using silica-bonded N-propyldiethylenetriamine as recyclable basic catalyst. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 2015; 8(11), 68669.
E Kianfar. Recent advances in synthesis, properties, and applications of vanadium oxide nanotube. Microchemical Journal 2019; 145, 966-978.
S Hajimirzaee, AS Mehr and E Kianfar. modified ZSM-5 Zeolite for conversion of LPG to aromatics. Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 2020; 42(5), 2334-2347.
E Kianfar. Investigation of the effect of crystallization temperature and time in synthesis of SAPO-34 catalyst for the production of light olefins. Petroleum Chemistry 2021; 61, 527-537.
X Huang, Y Zhu and E Kianfar. Nano biosensors: Properties, applications and electrochemical techniques. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2021; 12; 1649-1672.
E Kianfar. Protein nanoparticles in drug delivery: Animal protein, plant proteins and protein cages, albumin nanoparticles. Journal of Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19, 159.
M Nikzamir, Y Hanifehpour, A Akbarzadeh and Y Panahi. Applications of dendrimers in nanomedicine and drug delivery: A review. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 2021; 31, 2246-2261.
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NK Verma, G Alam, DK Vishwakarma, JN Mishra, WU Khan, AP Singh and A Roshan. Recent advances in microspheres technology for drug delivery. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 2015; 8(2), 2799-2813.
M Pittelkow, T Brock-Nannestad, K Moth-Poulsen and JB Christensen. Chiral dendrimer encapsulated Pd and Rh nanoparticles. Chemical Communications 2008; 2008(20), 2358.
U Gupta and O Perumal. Chapter 15 - Dendrimers and its biomedical applications. Natural and Synthetic Biomedical Polymers 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396983-5.00016-8
ES Serkova, IY Krasnova, SA Milenin, EV Selezneva, EA Tatarinova, KL Boldyrev, AA Korlyukov, YV Zubavichus, MI Buzin, OA Serenko, ZB Shifrina and AM Muzafarov. Core/shell hybrid dendrimers: Controllable rigidity determines molecular behaviour. Polymer 2018; 138, 83-91.
PR Dvornic. PAMAMOS: The first commercial silicon-containing dendrimers and their applications. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 2006; 44(9), 2755-2773.
V Mishra, N Yadav, GK Saraogi, MM Tambuwala and N Giri. Dendrimer based nanoarchitectures in diabetes management: An overview. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2019; 25(23), 2569-2583.
L Salvi, I Salvi, M Meghahi, CK Dubey, JC Nagar and K Sharma. A synthesis, properties and application as a possible drug delivery systems dendrimers - a review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 2020; 8(2), 107-113.
VP Chavda. Nanobased nano drug delivery: A comprehensive review. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2019.
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AS Erturk and G Elmaci. PAMAM dendrimer functionalized manganese ferrite magnetic nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and characterization. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 2018; 28(5), 2100-2107.
E Abbasi, SF Aval, A Akbarzadeh, M Milani, HT Nasrabadi, SW Joo, Y Hanifehpour, K Nejati-Koshki and R Pashaei-Asl. Dendrimers: Synthesis, applications, and properties. Nanoscale Research Letters 2014; 9(1), 247.
CJ Hawker, KL Wooley and JM Frechet. Unimolecular micelles and globular amphiphiles: Dendritic macromolecules as novel recyclable solubilization agents. Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1 1993; 1993(12), 1287-1297.
E Kianfar and TM Joseph. Nanostructures for Virus Detection and Tracking: An Overview. Trends in Sciences 2025; 22(6), 9452.
X Xu, H Yuan, J Chang, B He and Z Gu. Cooperative hierarchical self-assembly of peptide dendrimers and linear polypeptides into nanoarchitectures mimicking viral capsids. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2012; 124(13), 3184-3187.
KSadler and JP Tam. Peptide dendrimers: Applications and synthesis. Reviews in Molecular Biotechnology 2002; 90(3-4), 195-229.
P Niederhafner, J Sebestik and J Jezek. Peptide dendrimers. Journal of Peptide Science 2005; 11(12), 757-788.
P Kesharwani, MCIM Amin, N Giri, A Jain and V Gajbhiye. Dendrimers in targeting and delivery of drugs. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2017.
A Pushechnikov, SS Jalisatgi and MF Hawthorne. Dendritic closomers: Novel spherical hybrid dendrimers. Chemical Communications 2013; 49(34), 3579-3581.
K Jain, P Kesharwani, U Gupta and NK Jain. Dendrimer toxicity: Let’s meet the challenge. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2010; 394(1-2), 122-142.
P Antoni, Y Hed, A Nordberg, D Nystrom, HV Holst, A Hult and M Malkoch. Bifunctional dendrimers: From robust synthesis and accelerated one-pot postfunctionalization strategy to potential applications. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 2009; 121(12), 2160-2164.
SM Grayson and JM Frechet. Convergent dendrons and dendrimers: From synthesis to applications. Chemical Reviews 2001; 101(12), 3819-3868.
M Ficker, MJM Theeuwen, A Janaszewska, M Gorzkiewicz, SW Svenningsen, B Klajnert-Maculewicz and JB Christensen. Complexes of indomethacin with 4-carbomethoxy-pyrrolidone PAMAM dendrimers show improved anti-inflammatory properties and temperature-dependent binding and release profile. Molecular Pharmaceutics 2018; 15(8), 3573-3582.
M Gorzkiewicz, A Janaszewska, M Ficker, SW Svenningsen, JB Christensen and B Klajnert-Maculewicz. Pyrrolidone-modified PAMAM dendrimers enhance anti-inflammatory potential of indomethacin in vitro. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2019; 181, 959-962.
LD Pedro-Hernandez, E Martinez-Klimova, S Cortez-Maya, S Mendoza-Cardozo, T Ramirez-Apan and M Martinez-Garcia. Synthesis, characterization, and nanomedical applications of conjugates between resorcinarene-dendrimers and ibuprofen. Nanomaterials 2017; 7(7), 163.
J Manikkath, AR Hegde, G Kalthur, HS Parekh and S Mutalik. Influence of peptide dendrimers and sonophoresis on the transdermal delivery of ketoprofen. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2017; 521(1-2), 110-119.
L Uram, M Misiorek, M Pichla, A Filipowicz-Rachwal, J Markowicz, S Wolowiec, E Walajtys-Rode. The effect of biotinylated PAMAM G3 dendrimers conjugated with COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) and PPARγ agonist (Fmoc-L-Leucine) on human normal fibroblasts, immortalized keratinocytes and glioma cells in vitro. Molecules 2019; 24(20), 3801.
L Uram, A Filipowicz, M Misiorek, N Pienkowska, J Markowicz, E Walajtys-Rode and S Wolowiec. Biotinylated PAMAM G3 dendrimer conjugated with celecoxib and/or Fmoc-l-Leucine and its cytotoxicity for normal and cancer human cell lines. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2018; 124, 1-9.
J. Manikkath, A Manikkath, GV Shavi, K Bhat and S Mutalik. Low frequency ultrasound and PAMAM dendrimer facilitated transdermal delivery of ketoprofen. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 2019; 41, 334-343.
B Huang, W Dong, G Yang, W Wang, C Ji and F Zhou. Dendrimer-coupled sonophoresis-mediated transdermal drug-delivery system for diclofenac. Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2015; 2015(9), 3867.
AJ Perise-Barrios, E Fuentes-Paniagua, J Sanchez-Nieves, MJ Serramia, E Alonso, RM Reguera, R Gomez, FJDL Mata and MA Munoz-Fernandez. Improved efficiency of ibuprofen by cationic carbosilane dendritic conjugates. Molecular Pharmaceutics 2016; 13(10), 3427-3438.
E Murugan, V Yogaraj, DPG Rania and AK Sinhab. Evaluation of surface acetylated and internally quaternized poly (propylene imine) dendrimer as a biocompatible drug carrier for piroxicam as a model drug. RSC Advances 2015; 5(129), 106461-106475.
AS Erturk and MU Gurbuz. EDA çekirdekli amin, tris ve karboksil sonlu PAMAM dendrimerleri kullanarak ketoprofenin cozunurlugunu geliştirme. Suleyman Demirel Universitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu Dergisi 2018; 22(2), 768-773.
S Al-Azzawi, D Masheta, AL Guildford, G Phillips and M Santin. Dendrimeric poly (epsilon-lysine) delivery systems for the enhanced permeability of flurbiprofen across the blood-brain barrier in Alzheimer’s disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2018; 19(10), 3224.
H Kulhari, D Pooja, S Shrivastava, M Kuncha, VGM Naidu, V Bansal, R Sistla and DJ Adams. Trastuzumab-grafted PAMAM dendrimers for the selective delivery of anticancer drugs to HER2-positive breast cancer. Scientific Reports 2016; 6(1), 23179.
M Marcinkowska, M Stanczyk, A Janaszewska, E Sobierajska, A Chworos and B Klajnert-Maculewicz. Multicomponent conjugates of anticancer drugs and monoclonal antibody with PAMAM dendrimers to increase efficacy of HER-2 positive breast cancer therapy. Pharmaceutical Research 2019; 36(11), 154.
H Kulhari, D Pooja, MK Singh and AS Chauhan. Optimization of carboxylate-terminated poly (amidoamine) dendrimer-mediated cisplatin formulation. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 2015; 41(2), 232-238.
H Bhatt, B Ghosh and S Biswas. Cell-penetrating peptide and α-tocopherol-conjugated poly (amidoamine) dendrimers for improved delivery and anticancer activity of loaded paclitaxel. ACS Applied Bio Materials 2020; 3(5), 3157-3169.
SVK Rompicharla, P Kumari, B Ghosh and S Biswas. Octa-arginine modified poly (amidoamine) dendrimers for improved delivery and cytotoxic effect of paclitaxel in cancer. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2018; 46(S2), 847-859.
K Tokarczyk and B Jachimska. Characterization of G4 PAMAM dendrimer complexes with 5-fluorouracil and their interactions with bovine serum albumin. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2019; 561, 357-363.
SA Torres-Perez, MDP Ramos-Godinez and E Ramon-Gallegos. Glycosylated one-step PAMAM dendrimers loaded with methotrexate for target therapy in breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 2020; 58, 101769.
C Song, Y Xiao, Z Ouyang, M Shen and X Shi. Efficient co-delivery of microRNA 21 inhibitor and doxorubicin to cancer cells using core–shell tecto dendrimers formed via supramolecular host–guest assembly. Journal of Materials Chemistry B 2020; 8(14), 2768-2774.
E kianfar. Magnetic nanoparticles in targeted drug delivery: A review. Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 2021; 34, 1709-1735.
LA Isola, T Chen, M Elveny, A Marischa, AF Ayad, L Thangavelu and E Kianfar. Application of micro and porous materials as nano-reactors. Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry 2021; 42(2), 1-16.
I Raya, HH Kzar, ZH Mahmoud, AAA Ahmed, AZ Ilatova and E Kianfar. A review of gas sensors based on carbon nanomaterial. Carbon Letters 2021; 32, 339-364.
R Syah, M Zahar and E Kianfar. Nanoreactors: Properties, applications and characterization. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 2021; 19(10), 981-1007.
HS Majdi, ZA Latipov, V Borisov, V Borisov, NO Yuryevna, MM Kadhim, W Suksatan, IH Khlewee and E Kianfar. Nano and battery anode: A review. Nanoscale Research Letters 2021; 16, 177.
D Bokov, AT Jalil, S Chupradit, W Suksatan, MJ Ansari, IH Shewael, GH Valiev and E Kianfar. Nanomaterial by sol-gel method: Synthesis and application. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021; 2021(1), 5102014.
MJ Ansari, MM Kadhim, BA Hussein, HA Lafta and E Kianfar. Synthesis and stability of magnetic nanoparticles. BioNanoScience 2022; 12, 627-638.
SA Jasim, MM Kadhim, V KN, I Raya, SJ Shoja, W Suksatan, MH Ali and E Kianfar. Molecular junctions: Introduction and physical foundations, nanoelectrical conductivity and electronic structure and charge transfer in organic molecular junctions. Brazilian Journal of Physics 2022; 52, 31.
YP Thoppalada and V Pujar. Green synthesis of bioactive molecules: A review. International Journal of Pharmacy Research & Technology 2022; 12(1), 1-11.
L Tedesco, F Rossi, C Ruocco, M Ragni, MO Carruba, A Valerio and E Nisoli. Experimental evidence on the efficacy of two new metabolic modulators on mitochondrial biogenesis and function in mouse cardiomyocytes. Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology 2020; 27(S2), e12-e21.
GSN Keerthi, R Velmurugan and SK Sukumaran. Influence of polylactic acid and polycaprolactone on dissolution characteristics of ansamycin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles: An unsatisfied attempt for drug release profile. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results 2020; 11(1), 23-29.
J Khan, S Norfarhani, RK Sahu, S Ruhi, M Kaleemullah, S Al-Dhalli and E Yusuf. Development and evaluation of topical emulgel of aspirin using different polymeric bases. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 2020; 13(12), 6300-6304.
R Masoumzadeh. Polyethyleneimine-based materials for gene therapy, bioimaging and drug delivery systems applications. Advances in Applied NanoBio-Technologies 2021; 2(1), 13-16.
N Javanmardi, Z Javidi, S Mazraedoost, Y Omidi, AH Hosseini and M Mokhberi. The Advances in nanostructures vaccine, new approaches to improve for anticancer and immune system efficiency. Advances in Applied NanoBio-Technologies 2021; 2(1), 102-111.
S Alwan, M Al-Saeed and H Abid. Safety assessment and biochemical evaluation of biogenic silver nanoparticles (using bark extract of C. zeylanicum) in Rattus norvegicus rats: safety of biofabricated AgNPs (using Cinnamomum zeylanicum extract). Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences 2021; 2(3), 138-150.
MJ Ansari and SM Alshahrani. Nano-encapsulation and characterization of baricitinib using poly-lactic-glycolic acid co-polymer. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal 2019; 27(4), 491-501.
AS Alshetaili, MK Anwer, SM Alshahrani, A Alalaiwe, BB Alsulays, MJ Ansari, F Imam and S Alshehri. Characteristics and anticancer properties of Sunitinib malate-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles against human colon cancer HT-29 cells lines. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 2018; 17(7), 1263-1269.
MN Shalaby, MMA Sakoury, S Hussien and MF Abdelghani. Studying the optimal time for meals to circadian rhythms and body health (application to hospitality establishments). Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 2022; 10, 108-116.
ZH Mahmoud, UAR Hussein, AM Dhiaa, AF Al-Hussainy, N Aljbory, MH Shuhata, MJ Alnajar, ASOK Aljaberi, DK Mahapatra, E Kianfar, TM Joseph and S Thomas. Nano-Based Drug Delivery in Cancer: Tumor Tissue Characteristics and Targeting. Trends in Sciences 2024; 22(2), 9078.
MN Shalaby, MMA Sakoury, SS Al-jameel and A Alghamdi. The effect of diving for different years on CD34+ stem cells and some physiological variables for commercial divers. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 2021; 9(6), 1146 - 1156.
MN Shalaby, MMA Sakoury, E Abdi, S Elgamal, S Elrkbwey, W Ramadan and R Taiar. The impact of resistance training on gene expression of IGF1 and athletes’ physiological parameters. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 2021; 9, 934-940.
MN Shalaby, MM Sakoury, MA Kholif and NIA Albadaly. The role of amino acids in improving immunity and growth factors of volleyball players. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education and Research 2012; 10(4), 140-144.
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M Shalaby, MMA Sakoury, SM Harthi, FM Alshalawi, MM Alhajji, ZH Alshaikh and AH Aljaber. Vitamin D3 for health and muscle functions of athletes. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 2020; 11(9), 851-854.
J Khan, SH Kusmahani, S Ruhi, S Al-Dhalli, M Kaleemullah, R Saad, F Asmani and E Yusuf. Design and evaluation of sustained release matrix tablet of flurbiprofen by using hydrophilic polymer and natural gum. International Journal of Medical Toxicology & Legal Medicine 2020; 23(1 - 2), 149-159.
TH Mousa, ZMJ Al-obaidi and SL Alkhafaji. Molecular docking studies and evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of ibuprofen-tranexamic acid codrug. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy 2021; 40, 128-134.
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X Zong, X Xiao, B Shen, Q Jiang, H Wang, Z Lu, F Wang, M Jin, J Min, F Wang and Y Wang. The N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein YTHDF1 modulates the translation of TRAF6 to mediate the intestinal immune response. Nucleic Acids Research 2021; 49(10), 5537-5552.
X Li, Z Dong, P Yu, L Wang, X Niu, H Yamaguchi, X Niu and D Li. Effect of self-assembly on fluorescence in magnetic multiphase flows and its application on the novel detection for COVID-19. Physics of Fluids 2021; 33(4), 042004.
EA Temidayo, ON Chidinma and AO Adeniyi. Resistance development in multi-drug resistant bacteria to antimicrobials from methanolic extract of the stem bark of artocarpus altilis. The International Journal of Biotechnology 2021; 10(1), 31-38.
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EF Abdullah, AM Almousawy, FM Abbas, TA Aliwi and NAM Hassan. Medical datasets training and enhancing disease prediction. Wasit Journal for Pure Science 2024; 3(3), 84-100.
EAAT Al-Bayati and MM Zeidan. Study the role of inhibin b, TPO antibody, and thyroid hormones in patients with hyper and hypothyroidisim. Wasit Journal for Pure Science 2021; 4(1), 143-155.
SM Abdullah and NAJ Al-Zubaidy. Effect of application of humic acid and zinc at different concentrations and their interaction on some vegetative growth characteristics of chilli pepper Capsicium annuum L. Wasit Journal for Pure Science 2025; 4(1), 222-229.
NA Hanoush and AE Dhamad. A successful approach to extracted human mtDNA and amplify some genes from FFPE samples. Wasit Journal for Pure Science 2024; 3(4), 186-191.
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AMIA Sayeh and M Rawashdeh. Immunopathology of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A systematic review of molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies. Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry 2025; 4(1), 40-51.
MM Youssef, AM Helal and YI Khedr. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and human health: A review of toxicological mechanisms and regulatory challenges. Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry 2025; 4(1), 14-26.
A Al-hassan and Z Rezvani. miRNAs: Potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer. Journal of Biomedicine and Biochemistry 2024; 3(3), 1-8.
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UVNV Arjun, N Vidiyala, P Sunkishala, P Vidiyala, KTK Reddy, S Elumalai, S Bhutia and SH Syed. Bio-inspired green synthesis of nanoparticles for psoriasis treatment: A Review of current status and future directions. Asian Journal of Green Chemistry 2025; 9(4), 373-403.
WKH Al-Behadili, YM Jawad and HJ Hasan. Study the effect of PH on absorption and fluorescence spectra of eosin y dye in ethanol. Asian Journal of Green Chemistry 2023; 7(3), 163-174.
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