Mechanistic Insights into Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange Using Cassava Rhizome Activated Carbon: Adsorption, Characterization and Reusability
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2025.10751Keywords:
Cassava rhizome-activated carbon, Methylene blue and methyl orange dyes, Adsorption, Mechanism, ReusabilityAbstract
This study produced activated carbon from residual cassava rhizome using H3PO4 activation at 500 °C. The adsorbent was characterized via nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Adsorption of methylene blue and methyl orange was examined using the batch method, with influencing factors including pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature. Optimal adsorption occurred at pH 9 and 360 min for methylene blue and pH 2 and 240 min for methyl orange. The Langmuir isotherm best described the adsorption behavior, yielding maximum capacities of 29.154 and 28.736 mg/g at 30 °C, respectively. Kinetic analysis confirmed the pseudo-second-order model for both dyes, while thermodynamic evaluation indicated an endothermic and spontaneous process at higher temperatures. Adsorption mechanisms involved Yoshida hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole hydrogen bonding, n-π and π-π interactions, electrostatic interactions, ion exchange and pore filling. The adsorbent demonstrated efficient reusability through five cycles, employing 0.1 M HCl for methylene blue and 0.1 M NaOH for methyl orange removal. These findings suggest cassava rhizome-derived activated carbon as a cost-effective alternative for dye removal from aqueous solutions.
HIGHLIGHTS
- The cassava rhizome, classified as waste agricultural biomass, serves as the activated carbon for the adsorbent.
- Cassava rhizome-activated carbon demonstrates effective adsorption of dye solutions, including methylene blue (a cationic dye) and methyl orange (an anionic dye).
- Studies encompass the characterization of adsorbents, adsorption mechanisms, and reusability assessments.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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