Paraffin-Based Phase Change Materials (PCM) with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity Through Particle Addition and Encapsulation Techniques for Thermal Energy Storage: A Critical Review of Materials Science
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2025.10308Keywords:
Phase change materials, Thermal energy storage, Concrete, Thermal conductivity enhancement, Thermal performance, Encapsulation, Materials scienceAbstract
The rising global energy demand is contributing significantly to environmental degradation, energy scarcity, and increased carbon dioxide emissions, thereby intensifying the challenge of climate change. Notably, the building sector accounts for approximately 40% of total energy consumption, primarily driven by a 12 and 37% increase in heating and air conditioning usage, respectively. In response to this pressing issue, phase change materials (PCM) have emerged as a promising solution due to their outstanding thermal energy storage (TES) capabilities. PCM can be classified into organic, inorganic, and eutectic types, with paraffin-based PCM being the most extensively studied. However, the practical application of paraffin-based PCM is limited by their inherently low thermal conductivity. To address this limitation, various enhancement techniques, including particle incorporation and encapsulation methods, have been explored to improve thermal performance. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of these approaches aimed at enhancing the thermal conductivity of PCM. Furthermore, the feasibility of incorporating PCM directly into concrete for TES applications is critically evaluated. The review also discusses key PCM characteristics, including thermal properties, physical stability, and chemical stability. By offering an in-depth examination of PCM classifications, performance enhancement strategies, and practical applications, this review provides valuable insights into the potential of PCM for advancing sustainable energy systems.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Fundamentals of phase change materials in the field of materials science
- Examination of various types of materials as matrices for phase change materials
- Key indicators of phase change materials
- Techniques for enhancing the thermal conductivity in phase-change materials
- Novel aspects of phase change materials research utilizing material science characterization analysis
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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