Caffeine Concentration Effects on Gut Microbiota of the Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari) and Possible Links to Insect Pest Control
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.7050Keywords:
Caffeine, Coffea arabica, Coffee pest control, Gut bacteria, Hypothenemus hampei, 16S rRNA geneAbstract
Coffee Berry Borer (CBB) is a significant coffee pest worldwide. This includes Thailand. The arabica coffee plantations in Chiang Rai province, northern Thailand, have experienced significant economic losses as a consequence of this insect. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the gut bacterial community in response to caffeine concentrations in the growing environment, which may have implications for coffee pest insect control. A total of 38 species of gut microbiota were grown in non-caffeine conditions. On average, 14.5 ± 1.8 species were found in all 6 sampling sites. In caffeine conditions, the number of culturable gut bacteria was significantly decreased to 18 species with an average species abundance of 7.2 ± 3.1. The results revealed that Pseudomonas fulva and P. punonensis were caffeine-tolerant species that displayed significant growth at 20 mM caffeine concentration. The findings of this study will contribute to a better understanding of gut microbiota in CBBs and its potential application for coffee insect pest control, as well as valuable information on organic coffee from northern Thailand.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Coffee Berry Borer, or CBB, (Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari; Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is the most serious coffee pest worldwide. This pest has evolved to be caffeine resistant, allowing it to survive and reproduce inside coffee fruits.
- Caffeine is an alkaloid found in coffee (genus Coffea), and comprises a chemical defense mechanism to protect against insect pests. It is critical for preventing pest outbreaks in Coffea and other commercial plants.
- Next generation sequencing of 16S rRNA was used to estimate the taxonomic abundance of CBB's gut microbiome, which has a symbiotic relationship with the insects.
- The gut bacterial community discovered in this study included at least 37 Proteobacteria species and 1 Bacteroidetes species. This study examined the effect of caffeine on the diversity of bacterial symbionts in the gut of CBBs. Gut bacterial diversity and abundance were significantly reduced in media containing 20 mM caffeine.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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