Health Risk Assessment of Ambient Nitrogen Dioxide Concentrations in Urban and Industrial Area in Rayong Province, Thailand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.4476Keywords:
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Passive sampler, Air pollution, Health risk assessment, Hazard quotient (HQ)Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a hazardous gas and an air pollutant that is released from a variety of sources, including fossil fuel mining and burning, automobile emissions and other sources. The inhalation of NO2 has been linked to the exact causes of a variety of health issues, including respiratory disorders and a variety of other maladies. The largest source of NO2 exposure is through traffic density emissions. The concentrations of ambient NO2 in Rayong province’s urban, industrial and background areas were measured during rainy, winter and summer seasons. Samples of NO2 were collected with the use of passive samplers during September 2017 to April 2018. The result of the analysis revealed that NO2 concentration of urban area, industrial area and background area were 13.9 - 43.0, 10.4 - 34.0 and 5.8 - 35.2 µg/m3, respectively. It is to be noted that NO2 concentrations in urban and industrial areas were significantly higher than those in background areas (p < 0.05). The dominant source is located nearby high traffic density and industrial establishments. However, the NO2 values obtained from seasonal variations were not significantly different (p > 0.05). A weak correlation was observed between NO2 concentrations and total precipitation (r = −0.237). The low wind speed has no effect on NO2 dispersion. As a result of the geographical and seasonal variation of NO2 concentrations, it was determined that local activities such as traffic density had a much greater impact on NO2 levels than meteorological factors. The hazard quotient (HQ) values from NO2 exposure in Rayong province were less than 1, indicating that the risk was negligible. The inhalation of NO2 by residents who live near the roadside and highway, on the other hand, may endanger their health.
HIGHLIGHTS
- NO2 concentrations in Rayong province related to traffic density and industrial establishments
- The ambient NO2 levels in urban and industrial areas were approximately 1.4 times higher than those in background areas (p < 0.05)
- Residents of Rayong province who live near the roadside and highway road may put their health at risk due to NO2 inhalation
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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