Optimization of Removal of Cadmium (II) using Response Surface Methodology

Authors

  • Sateesh Hosamane Department of Chemical Engineering, KLE DR M S Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Belagavi, Karnataka 590008, India
  • Sneha Bandekar Department of Chemical Engineering, KLE DR M S Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Belagavi, Karnataka 590008, India
  • Chidanand Patil Department of Civil Engineering, KLE DR M S Sheshgiri College of Engineering and Technology, Belagavi, Karnataka 590008, India
  • Keshava Joshi Department of Chemical Engineering, SDM College of Engineering and Technology, Dharwad, Karnataka 590008, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.2997

Keywords:

Cd (II), Calotropis procera, Adsorption, RSM

Abstract

A huge quantity of wastewater is generated and dumped directly into the natural environment. Industrial wastewater recycling is common in India and is mainly used for agriculture in the surrounding areas. This has led to high levels of cadmium and other heavy metals in the air, water, and soil. Natural adsorbents provide an effective solution for wastewater treatment. Wooden objects can be used to remove heavy metals from contaminated water. The current investigation attempts to remove cadmium from the cadmium-containing aqueous solution using the root of Calotropis Procera. The adsorption process was developed with batch studies to quantify the removal of cadmium (Y) using 3 flexible process variables namely, pH, residence time (CT), and adsorbent dose (AD). Interaction between variables, a 20 (23) central composite design (CCD) was developed using the response surface method (RSM). The results of the adsorption verification tests were performed and show excellent compliance with the model prediction. The value of F (550.78) and the return coefficient (R2) of 0.9796 proved the validity of the improved quadratic model.

HIGHLIGHTS

  • Cadmium (Cd-II) is a neuro-toxic substance, which gets easily introduced, assimilated into the food chain/natural habitat, and is responsible for severe health problems
  • The agricultural waste and biomass i.e. roots of Calotropis Procera was used to treat heavy metals and Cadmium (II) from the wastewater
  • The advanced RSM and Central Composite Design (CCD) have been employed for the design of experiments
  • DOE is employed with three process parameters viz., pH, residence time and adsorbent dosage to optimise the process
  • The results obtained from this investigation indicate that Calotropis Procera is a promising natural adsorbent for the treatment of effluents with Cd (II) ions


GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Published

2022-03-01

Issue

Vol. 19 No. 6 (2022): Trends in Sciences, Volume 19, Number 6, 15 March 2022

Section

Research Articles

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