Passage Culture to Assemble A Ganoderma-Suppressive Microbiome from Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) Root Exudates
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2026.13022Keywords:
Passage culture, Ganoderma boninense, Turmeric root exudates, Suppressive microbiome, Antagonistic bacteriaAbstract
Ganoderma boninense, the causative agent of basal stem rot (BSR), poses a significant threat to global oil palm cultivation. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome is recognized as a potential source of a suppressive microbiome for biocontrol applications. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of passage culture in assembling a highly suppressive microbiome from turmeric root exudates against G. boninense. The initial microbiome, collected as turmeric root exudate (T0), was used to inoculate sucrose medium, which was then supplemented with fresh turmeric rhizome (T), chitin powder (C), T plus G. boninense culture (TG), or TG plus chitin (TGC). This inoculation process constituted the 1st passage, and the culture was continuously passaged up to 10 or 20 times by transferring the harvested culture filtrate into fresh medium. The results revealed that bacteria isolated from the 5th passage cultures of both the TG5 and TGC5 treatments exhibited the strongest antagonism, causing 46% and 45% inhibition of Ganoderma colony growth, respectively. Ganoderma mycelia treated with these bacteria experienced thinning and lysis of the cell wall. Furthermore, treatment with the passage bacteria induced Ganoderma cell leakage, as indicated by the increased electrical conductivity (EC) values of the inhibitory Ganoderma colonies. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing identified Gluconacetobacter sacchari, Nguyenibacter vanlangensis, and Novosphingobium humi as the dominant species in the TG5 and TGC5 passage cultures. In conclusion, pathogen-driven assembly of a suppressive microbiome via in vitro passage culture offers a promising host-independent strategy for G. boninense biocontrol.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Passage culture successfully assembles a Ganoderma-suppressive microbiome.
- Pathogen-driven selection significantly enhances microbial antagonism.
- Gluconacetobacter, Nguyenibacter, and Novosphingobium identified as key taxa.
- Mechanism involves membrane disruption and electrolyte leakage.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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