Protective Effects of Salacca zalacca Peel Extract on Oxidative and Inflammatory Liver Injury Biomarkers in CCl4-Induced Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2026.12785Keywords:
Salacca zalacca peel extract, CCl₄, SGPT, TNF-α, SOD, HepatoprotectionAbstract
Salacca zalacca peel extract (SPE) contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but in vivo evidence from liver injury models remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of SPE on biomarkers in CCl₄-induced liver injury in Wistar rats by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), TNF-α, and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups: Healthy controls, 2% CCl₄-treated controls (C-), 3.6 mg/kg NAC-treated controls (C+), and CCl₄-induced rats treated with low (400 mg/kg BW/day) and high (600 mg/kg BW/day) doses of SPE for 14 days. SPE was administered orally following CCl₄ induction. SGPT levels were measured by spectrophotometry, and TNF-α and SOD levels were analyzed using ELISA. Compared to CCl₄ controls, SPE groups showed significantly reduced SGPT and TNF-α levels and elevated SOD activity (p < 0.005), indicating improved markers of hepatocellular injury, inflammation, and antioxidant status. The high-dose SPE group exhibited the greatest effect. In conclusion, SPE administration demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits by lowering SGPT and TNF-α while increasing SOD levels.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Ethanolic Salacca zalacca peel extract protects against CCl₄-induced liver injury in Wistar rats.
- The extract reduces SGPT and TNF-α levels and improves antioxidant enzyme activity.
- High phenolic and flavonoid contents contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Liver protection is associated with improved oxidative stress and inflammatory status.
- Salacca zalacca peel shows potential as a natural hepatoprotective agent from agricultural waste.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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