Chemical Components of a Submerged Mycelial Extract of Calocybe indica and its Anti-inflammatory and Antiaging Properties
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2025.10817Keywords:
Antioxidant, Anti-inflammation, Calocybe indica, Cosmeceutical, Mushroom, Nutraceutical, Submerged cultureAbstract
Calocybe indica or milky mushrooms, grown in submerged culture, is a potential source of antiaging substances. This study investigated the chemical components, cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and anti-inflammatory activity to human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) of the ethanolic extract prepared from C. indica mycelia grown in submerged culture. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of 50 bioactive compounds, which were primarily categorized into the following major groups: fatty acids (81.97%), esters (4.25%), ketones (1.68%), aldehydes (1.62%), sterols (0.76%), phenols (0.45%), terpenes (0.36%), and others (8.91%). These act as major contributors to its anti-inflammatory and cosmeceutical properties. The C. indica mycelial extract was non-toxic to RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Comparable and significant levels of anti-inflammatory activity were observed in both the mycelial extract and control barley b-glucan. The results show a stimulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) at 250.7 pg/mL or 63.4% and an inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 at 88.3 pg/mL or 69.8%. The anti-inflammatory effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was observed with a release of PGE2 at 20.31 pg/mL or 70.8% inhibition. Cosmeceutical formulations made with the mycelial extract, particularly in essence form, followed by gel forms, maintained the extract’s bioactivities. The mycelial extract served as an effective antioxidant agent in cosmeceutical formulations that can inhibit collagenase, inflammation, and acne-causing bacteria, providing a dual approach to simultaneously treating both skin aging and acne. This research offers novel insights into C. indica mycelium as a valuable source of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compounds that contribute to various human health benefits. The mycelial extract of C. indica possesses no toxic effects and has multiple cosmeceutical functionalities. The results suggest that the mycelial extracts of C. indica could be further developed to produce safe natural ingredients for inclusion in nutraceutical and cosmeceutical products.
HIGHLIGHTS
- This is the first report detailing chemical components of ethanolic extracts derived from Calocybe indica mycelia grown in submerged culture.
- indica mycelium grown submerged is a valuable source of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical compounds that contribute to various human health benefits.
- Mycelial extract of indica contains promising antioxidant agents that can inhibit collagenase, inflammation, and acne-causing bacteria, providing a dual approach to simultaneously treating both skin aging and acne.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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