Physical and Chemical Characterization of Granules from 70 % Ethanol Extract of Ganitri Leaves (Eleocarpus serratus L.) using Wet Granulation Method as An Anti-Osteoporosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2024.7478Keywords:
Elaeocarpus serratus L., Physical and chemical characterization, Wet granulation, OsteoporosisAbstract
Elaeocarpus serratus L. leaves have been used as an antiosteoporosis treatment and it contains active compounds such as quercetin, rutin, and myricetin. The pre-formulation study was done by making granules from 70 % ethanol extract of this plant through the wet granulation method. These granules were determined by physical characteristics including organoleptic, flow properties, real and incompressible specific gravity, moisture, particle size distribution, and chemical characteristics including flavonoid content. The organoleptic result showed that all formulas had a strong characteristic odor and a slightly bitter taste. Formula A had a dark brown color, while formulas B and C were whitish brown. Based on the results of the flow properties test, all formulas had good flow properties because they had gone through the granulation process. The compressibility index, Hausner ratio, and % moisture content displayed that all formulas met the requirements and had almost the same value. In the assay process, the average % w/w content of formula A was 0.68 ± 0.017 %, formula B was 0.66 ± 0.044 %, and formula C was 0.16 ± 0.006 %. The most optimum formula was formula C with whitish brown color, slightly bitter taste, and strong odor, 10.90 ± 0.000 g/s of flow rate, 25.41 ± 0.000 ° of angle, 4.36 ± 0.214 % of moisture content, 13.80 % compressibility index, 1.1601 of Hausner ratio, 1772.04 µm of particle average distribution, and 0.66 ± 0.044 % w/w of percent routine flavonoid content.
HIGHLIGHTS
- This study aims to determine the characteristics of granules from 70 % ethanol extract of ganitri leaves (Elaeocarpus serratus), the optimal formula to make granule preparations with active ingredients of ganitri leaves, and the levels of flavonoids using the spectrophotometer method. It also determined the characteristic physics of granule preparations including flow properties, organoleptic, moisture, particle size distribution, and real and incompressible specific gravity.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Downloads
Metrics
References
BG Wells, JT Dipiro, TL Schwinghammer and CV Dipiro. Pharmacotherapy handbook, 11e. McGraw-Hill, New York, 2017.
Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Data dan kondisi penyakit osteoporosis di Indonesia. Balitbang Depkes RI, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2015.
E Kristiningrum. Farmakoterapi untuk Osteoporosis. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran 2020; 47, 41-8.
R Indriatie, S Mudaliana, FR Hapsari and M Masruri. Phytochemistry and antibacterial activity evaluation of genitri (Elaeocarpus ganitrus). IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2020; 833, 012016.
S Hardainiyan, BC Nandy and K Kumar. Elaeocarpus ganitrus (Rudraksha): A reservoir plant with their pharmacological effects. Int. J. Pharmaceut. Sci. Rev. Res. 2015; 34, 55-64.
S Khairunnisa. Uji aktivitas ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksana, etil asetat, butanol dan air dari daun elaeocarpus serratus L dalam meningkatkan masa tulang (Pengujian Terhadap Enzim ALP). Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Indonesia, 2020.
H Laswati, M Agil and R Widyowati. Efek pemberian spilanthes acmella dan latihan fisik terhadap jumlah sel osteoblas femur mencit yang diinduksi deksametason. Media Litbangkes 2015; 25, 43-50.
EM Damayanti. Potensi senyawa golongan favonoid (Kuersetin, Rutin, dan Mirisetin) pada daun elaeocarpus serratus L. sebagai antiosteoporosis (Skripsi). Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Indonesia, 2020.
I Sihombing, S Wangko and SJR Kalangi. Peran estrogen pada remodeling tulang. Jurnal Biomedik 2012; 4, 18-28.
SM Widayanti, AW Permana and HD Kusumaningrum. Kapasitas dan kadar antioksidan ekstrak tepung kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) pada berbagai pelarut dengan metode maserasi. Journal Pascapanen 2009; 6, 61-8.
S Yusuf and B Untari. Kuersetin-3-O-Glikosida (Rutin) dari daun ubi karet (Manihot glaziovii M. A). Jurnal Penelitian Sains 2005; 18, 1-8.
A Firdayanti, Y Sastyarina, Herman, A Rahmadani, G Firmansyah, TW Widyati, Y Nur, H Kuncoro and E Wijayanti. 2017. Strandarisasi ekstrak umbi bawang tiwai (Eleutherine americana (Aubl.) Merr.) asal kalimantan timur. Proc. Mulawarman Pharmaceut. Conf. 2017; 6, 90-7.
NE Setiyanggono, Nuri and E Puspitasari. Uji aktivitas antimalaria ekstrak kering daun tithonia diversifolia pada mencit yang diinfeksi plasmodium berghei (Antimalaria Activity of Dry Extract of Tithonia diversifolia Leaves on Plasmodium berghei Infected Mice). E Journal Pustaka Kesehatan, 2014; 2, 100-4.
H Rivai, AH Wayuni and H Fadhilah. Pembuatan dan karakterisasi ekstrak kering simplisia jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk.). Jurnal Farmasi Higea 2013; 5, 1-8.
G Murtini and Y Elisa. Buku ajar farmasi teknologi sediaan solid. ITERA Press, North Sumatra, Indonesia, 2023.
H Sa’adah, Supomo and MS Halono. Formulasi granul ekstrak daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) menggunakan aerosil dan avicel PH 101. Semua Jurnal 2016; 9, 1-8.
S Supomo, RWD Bella and H Sa’adah. Formulasi granul ekstrak kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) menggunakan aerosil dan avicel PH 101. J. Trop. Phar. Chem. 2015; 3, 131-7.
DJS Putra. Penggunaan Polivinil Pirolidon (PVP) sebagai bahan pengikat pada formulasi tablet ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle L.). Jurnal Farmasi Udayana 2019; 8, 14-21.
T Erawati, W Soeratri and E Hendradi. Studi praformulasi asam p-metoksisinamat dan upaya pengembangan sebagai sediaan topikal antiinflamasi, laporan akhir penelitian unggulan perguruan tinggi. Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Indonesia, 2013.
ND Oktaviyanti, C Avanti and FT Yulianto. Optimasi dan karakterisasi pengeringan ekstrak buah mengkudu dengan penambahan bahan pengering synthetic amorphous silica. Media Pharmaceut. Indonesiana 2017; 1, 204-10.
LN Hano, P Yamlean and HS Suprianti. Formulasi tablet klorfeniramin maleat dengan bahan pengikat getah kulit buah pisang goroho (Musa acuminafe L.) menggunakan metode granulasi basah. Pharmacon Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi 2015; 4, 29-33.
R Khairunnisa, M Nisa, R Riski and A Fatmawaty. Evaluasi sifat alir dari pati talas safira (Colocasia esculenta var Antiquorum) sebagai eksipien dalam formulasi tablet. J. Pharmaceut. Med. Sci. 2016; 1, 22-6.
J Sunil. Pharmaceutical dosage forms: Tablets. Vol. 1. J. Pharmaceut. Sci. 1990; 79, 1043.
IAS Devi, QA Shodiquna, NWSD Eni, CIS Arisanti and PO Samirana. Optimasi Konsentrasi Polivinil Pirolidon (PVP) sebagai bahan pengikat terhadap sifat fisik tablet ekstrak etanol rimpang bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb). Jurnal Farmasi Udayana 2018; 7, 45-52.
AK Akbar and AK Febriani. Uji kompresibilitas granul pati singkong dengan metode granulasi basah. J. Pharm. UMUS 2019; 1, 7-11.
IF Rahmawati, P Pribadi and IW Hidayat. Formulasi dan evaluasi granul effervescent ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steen.). Pharmaciana 2016; 6, 139-48.
HM Afifah, BE supervisor, AN Supervisor, A Bahtiar and Katrin. Penetapan parameter spesifik dan non spesifik simplisia dan ekstrak etanol 70 % akar dan daun sangketan (achyranthes aspera l.) = Determination of specific and non specific parameters of simplicia and ethanolic 70 % extract of leaves and root of sangketan (achyranthes aspera l.). Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia, West Java, Indonesia, 2018.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Walailak University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
