Biomonitoring by using Rapid-Read Pathogenic Bacteria Indicator in Sediments and Bivalve Mollusks: Southern Gulf of Thailand, a Mangrove Area Case Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.4682Keywords:
Bioindicator, Pathogenic bacteria, Sediments, Bivalve mollusk, Southern Gulf of Thailand, Mangrove, Environmental impact assessmentAbstract
Pathogenic bacteria groups can be applied to be rapid bioindicator for environmental assessment. The objective of study was to monitor 5 groups of indicator and pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli/ total coliform, Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Bacillus spp. and Clostridium spp.) in surface water sediments collected before monsoon and after monsoon season from 6 areas located in a Thepha District, Songkhla province mangrove closed to Southern gulf of Thailand. Each collected area were selected in criteria of totally different in environment parameter and tide. The relative levels of total coliforms, and E. coli, were typically increased in rainy season (July) compared with winter and summer at most sites. In parallel, the highest number of Vibrio spp. was found in summer (April). The highest number of E. coli and Coliform were detected during rainy season at the estuary area with low oxygen dissolved, the average numbers were 6.6×103 and 3.8×105 CFU/g, respectively. Coliform number shows negative correlate with dissolved oxygen (r2 = 0.756, p < 0.05). In addition, total coliform, Bacillus spp. and Clostridium spp. were found in bivalve mollusks during rainy season but the total was not over standard. A very strong positive correlation was found between the temperature and the number of Vibrio spp. and Bacillus spp. The number presence of Vibrio spp. has a strong positive correlation with pH, the number of Bacillus spp. and number of Clostridium spp. In contrast, Vibrio spp. number was strongly negative correlated with water salinity (r2 = 0.632, p < 0.05). Salmonella species were detected only 2 area around shrimp farm in between December of a year-round. In this study area, there are no evidence that the number of Salmonella and Clostridium species founded related to changing of season. This is the first baseline data as an alternative guide concept for the determination of bacterial indicators. Pathogenic bacteria number can be applied to be a key factors for a rapid health assessment for villager around study area that related to EIA in the near future.
HIGHLIGHTS
- The common problem in biomonitoring process in environment are limit of biological indicator and less data collected to establish relative between bioindicator and environmental parameters
- Key pathogenic bacteria groups were selected and analyzed conducted in order to find the rapid-read method for biomonitoring and assessment
- This is the first baseline data as an alternative guide concept for the determination of bacterial indicators. Pathogenic bacteria number can be applied to be a key factors for a rapid health assessment for villager around study area that related to EIA in the near future
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Downloads
Metrics
References
J Chen, SE Mcllroy, A Archana, DM Baker and GA Panagiotou. Pollution gradient contributes to the taxonomic, functional, and resistome diversity of microbial communities in marine sediments. Microbiome 2019; 7, 104.
JM Salman, ASN Al-Azawey and FM Hassan. Study of bacterial indicators in water and sediments from Al-hilla river, Iraq. Hydrol. Curr. Res. 2013; 13, S13.
TK Parmar, D Rawtani and YK Agrawal. Bioindicators: The natural indicator of environmental pollution. Front. Life Sci. 2016; 9, 110-8.
GA Burton and PE Landrum. 2003. Toxicity of sediments in encyclomedia of sediments and sedimentary rock. In: GV Middleton, MJ Church, M Congilo, LA Hardie and FJ Longstaffe (Eds.)., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Drodrecht, Netherlands, 2003, p. 748-51.
S Kalkan and G Altuğ. Bio-indicator bacteria & environmental variables of the coastal zones: The example of the Güllük Bay, Aegean Sea, Turkey. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2015; 95, 380-4.
F Hassard, CL Gwyther, K Farkas, A Andrews, V Jones, B Cox, H Brett, DL Jones, JE McDonald and SK Malham. Abundance and distribution of enteric bacteria and viruses in coastal and estuarine sediments - a review. Front. Microbiol. 2016; 7, 1692.
S Borade, R Dhawde, A Maloo, SN Gajbhiye and SG Dastager. Occurrence and seasonal variation in distribution of fecal indicator bacteria in Tapi estuary along the West coast of India. Indian. J. Mar. Sci. 2012; 43, 340-7.
JPS Cabral. Bacterial pathogens and water. Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health 2010; 7, 3657-703.
S Bal, RR Mishra, B Rath, HK Sahu and HN Thatoi. Characterization and extracellular enzyme activity of predominant marine Bacillus spp. isolated from sea water of Orissa Coast, India. Malays. J. Microbiol. 2009; 2, 87-93.
AM Goja. Bacterial genera and their some species of Nile water. Asian J. Biol. Life Sci. 2013; 6, 116-23.
KN Irvine, GW Pettibone and IG Droppo. Indicator bacteria-sediment relationships: Implication for water quality modeling and monitoring. J. Water. Manage. Model. 1995; R183-14, 205-30.
F Thevenon, N Regier, C Benagli, M Tonolla, T Adatte, W Wildi and J Pote. Characterization of fecal indicator bacteria in sediments cores from the largest fresh water lake of Western Europe (Lake Geneva, Switzerland). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2012; 78, 50-6.
VN Karbasdehi, I Nabipour, A Ostovar, H Arfaeinia, A Vazirizadeh, R. Mirahmadi, M. Keshtkar, F. Faraji, F. KhalifeiIndicator bacteria community in seawater and coastal sediment: The Persian gulf as a case. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng. 2017; 15, 6.
DJV Donsel and EE Geldreich. Relationships of Salmonellae to fecal coliforms in bottom sediments. Water Res. 2017; 5, 1079-87.
CM Davies, JAH Long, M Donald and NJ Ashbolt. 1995. Survival of fecal microorganisms in marine and freshwater sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1995; 61, 1888-96.
L Haller, E Amedegnato, J Poté and W Wildi. Influence of freshwater sediment characteristics on persistence of fecal indicator bacteria. Water. Air. Soil. Pollut. 2009; 203, 217-27.
DW Meals, JB Harcum and SA Dressing. Monitoring for microbial pathogens and indicators, Tech notes 9, Developed for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Available at: https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-05/documents/tech_notes_9_dec2013_pathogens.pdf, accessed March 2022.
CL Soo, TY Ling, N Lee and K Apun. Assessment of the characteristic of nutrients, total metals, and fecal coliform in Sibu Laut river, Sarawak, Malaysia. Appl. Water Sci. 2016; 6, 77-96.
ML Carroll, BJ Johnson, GA Henkes, KW McMahon, A Voronkov, WG Ambrose and GD Stanislav. Bivalves as indicators of environmental variation and potential anthropogenic impacts in the southern Barents Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2009; 59, 193-206.
JM Poutiers. Bivalves, Acephala, Lamellibranchia, Pelecypoda in the living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy, 1998, p. 123-362.
M Bonnet, JC Lagier, D Raoult and S Khelaifia. Bacterial culture through selective and non-selective conditions: The evolution of culture media in clinical microbiology. New Microb. New Infect. 2020; 34, 100622.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bacteriological analytical manual: Chapter 5 Salmonella, Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-chapter-5-salmonella, accessed March 2022.
ND Silva, MH Taniwaki, VC Junqueira, N Silveira, MDSD Nascimento and RAR Gomes. Microbiological examination methods of food and water in a laboratory manual. CRC Press, Florida, United States, 2012.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bacteriological analytical manual: Chapter 9 Vibrio, Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/laboratory-methods-food/bam-chapter-9-vibrio, accessed March 2022.
S Turner, KM Pryer, VP Miao and JD Palmer. Investigating deep phylogenetic relationships among cyanobacteria and plastids by small subunit rRNA sequence analysis. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 1999; 46, 327-38.
International Organization for Standardization. Animal feeding stuffs - determination of nitrogen content and calculation of crude protein content. International Organization for Standardizatio, Geneva, Switzerland, 2009.
AOAC International. Phosphorus (total) in fertilizers. Gravimetric quinolinium molybdophosphate method. AOAC International, Rockville, Maryland, 2016.
K Preeth. A5TM D 2974-87 standard test methods for moisture, ash, and organic matter of peat and other organic soils. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, 1993.
S Borade, R Dhawde, A Maloo, SN Gajbhiye, A Ram and SG Dastager. Assessment of enteric bacterial indicators and correlation with physicochemical parameters in Veraval coast, India. Indian J. Geomar. Sci. 2015; 44, 519-25.
Pollution control department of Thailand surface water quality standards, Available at: http://pcd.go.th/info_serv/reg_std_water05.html#s3, accessed March 2022.
BJ Haley, DJ Cole and EK Lipp. Distribution, diversity, and seasonality of waterborne Salmonellae in a rural watershed. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2009; 75, 1248-55
A Massinai, A Tahir and N Abu. High concentrations of pathogenic Salmonella spp. during the wet season on bathing beaches in Makassar City, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 2019; 253, 012044.
TCSL Grisi and K Gorlach-Lira. The abundance of some pathogenic bacteria in mangrove habitats of Paraiba do Norte Estuary and crabmeat contamination of mangrove crab Ucides cordatus. Braz. Arch. Biol. Tech. 2010; 53, 227-34.
SI Böer, EA Heinemeyer, K Luden, R Erler, G Gerdts, F Janssen and N Brennholt. Temporal and spatial distribution patterns of potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. at recreational beaches of the German North Sea. Microb. Ecol. 2013; 65, 1052-67.
DYW Di, A Lee, J Jang, D Han and HG Hur. Season-specific occurrence of potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. on the southern coast of South Korea. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2017; 83, e02680-16.
AA Azmi and S Chatterjee. 2016. Seasonal fluctuation of the population and characterization of Bacillus spp. isolated from the coastal soils of Digha, West Bengal, India. Int. J. Ecol. 2016; 2016, 7924258.
Fish Inspection and Quality Control Division Department of Fisheries, Available at: https://www.fisheries.go.th/quality/analyse/Ana_Bio.pdf, accessed March 2022.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Walailak University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
