Effects of Ovariectomy and Dieting with Nano Calcium Phosphate on Bone Quality in White Rats Rattus norvegicus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.3440Keywords:
Ovariectomy, Rattus norvegicus, Bone quality, Mineral maturity, Nano calcium phosphateAbstract
Calcium supplements are widely used to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis and can be used as a treatment along with other drugs. The effect of this supplement can be seen from the improved bone quality. The focus in this study was to analyze the quality of femur bone based on the mineral maturity and the degree of crystallinity from ovariectomized Rattus norvegicus where the treatment of various nano calcium phosphate diets (1.0×; 1.5× and 2.0× normal needs, respectively called A, B and C diets) also given. In the amount of 40 white female rats age 12 weeks were ovariectomized and 5 sham rats were nurtured. The group of sham was given euthanasia treatment at age 13 weeks, while ovariectomized group was treated euthanasia at age 17 and 21 weeks. At the age of 25 weeks after ovariectomy, the rats were treated with a nano calcium phosphate diet where analysis was performed when they were 31 and 40 weeks old. In each harvest, proximal femur part was collected and characterized by using FTIR Spectroscopy. Rat bone quality shows osteoporosis trait for the first time at age 21 weeks or after 9 weeks of ovariectomy with the mineral maturity and degree of crystallinity decreased in the amount of 1.16 and 2.27 %, respectively compared to femur bone from sham rat group. The dietary treatment study conducted showed that the group of rats fed the A diet had not a significant changes (p < 0.05) in the mineral maturity and the degree of crystallinity, while giving B or C diet had a significant increase in the mineral maturity at 40 weeks of age or after 15 weeks on a diet. The increase in the degree of crystallinity of the rats fed B diet (6 weeks) was faster than the group fed C diet (15 weeks). Therefore, diet B is recommended because it is more efficient and effective based on the time it increases the degree of crystallinity and the cost of producing the diet.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Ovariectomy is one of the treatments that can condition the bones of rats to have osteoporosis. One of the bone parts of rats that are often affected by osteoporosis is the femur
- Bones of rats that have osteoporosis can be restored by giving a nano calcium phosphate diet
- Parameters that can be analyzed regarding the decline and improvement of bone quality include mineral maturity and the degree of crystallinity. Assessment of these parameters can be done using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Downloads
Metrics
References
A Karunaratne, L Xi, L Bentley, D Sykes, A Boyde, CT Esapa, NJ Terrill, SDM Brown, RD Cox, RV Thakker and HS Gupta. Multiscale alterations in bone matrix quality increased fragility in steroid induced osteoporosis. Bone 2016; 84, 15-24.
F Cosmia, A Nicolosi and G Zatta. Osteoporosis risk factors and bone microstructure evaluation: A population breakdown. Mat. Today Proc. 2018; 5, 26772-7.
JA Kanis, C Cooper, R Rizzoli, JY Reginster, the Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and the Committees of Scientific Advisors and National Societies of the International Osteoporosis Foundation. European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos. Int. 2020; 31, 3-44.
K Endo, M Takahata, H Sugimori, S Yamada, S Tadano, J Wang, M Todoh, YM Ito, D Takahashi, K Kudo and N Iwasaki. Magnetic resonance imaging T1 and T2 mapping provide complementary information on the bone mineral density regarding cancellous bone strength in the femoral head of postmenopausal women with osteoarthritis. Clin. Biomech. 2019; 65, 13-8.
T Rolvien, T Schmidt, FN Schmidt, S von Kroge, B Busse, M Amling and F Barvencik. Recovery of bone mineralization and quality during asfotase alfa treatment in an adult patient with infantile-onset hypophosphatasia. Bone 2019; 127, 67-74.
EMB Mcnerny and TL Nickolas. Bone quality in chronic kidney disease: Definitions and diagnostics. Curr. Osteoporos. Rep. 2017; 15, 207-13.
H Madupalli, B Pavan and MMJ Tecklenburg. Carbonate substitution in the mineral component of bone: Discriminating the structural changes, simultaneously imposed by carbonate in A and B sites of apatitee. J. Solid State Chem. 2017; 255, 27-35.
D Farlay, Y Bala, S Rizzo, S Bare, JM Lappe, R Recker and G Boivin. Bone remodeling and bone matrix quality before and after menopause in healthy women. Bone 2019; 128, 115030.
EP Paschalis. Fourier transform infrared imaging of bone. In: A Idris (Ed.). Methods in molecular biology. Vol 1914. Humana Press, New York, 2019, p. 641-9.
M Wang, Y Liu, Y Yao, L Han and X Liu. Comparative evaluation of bone chars derived from bovine parts: Physicochemical properties and copper sorption behavior. Sci. Total Environ. 2020; 700, 134470.
A Sroka-bartnicka, L Borkowski, G Ginalska, A Ślósarczyk and SG Kazarian. Structural transformation of synthetic hydroxyapatitee under simulated in vivo conditions studied with ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectros. 2017; 171, 155-61.
T Ito and H Kimura-Suda. Degree of orientations of collagen fibers and bone apatitee crystals in rat femora by infrared dichroism imaging. J. Oral Biosci. 2019; 61, 115-19.
S Saska, LN Teixeira, LMSC Raucci, RM Scarel-Caminaga, LP Franchi, RAD Santos, SH Santagneli, MV Capela, PTD Oliveira, CS Takahashi, AMM Gaspar, Y Messaddeq, SJL Ribeiro and R Marchetto. Nanocellulose-collagen-apatitee composite associated with osteogenic growth peptide for bone regeneration. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2017; 103, 467-76.
WT Federer. Experimental design, theory and application. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, India, 1967.
A Sophocleous and AI Idris. Ovariectomy/orchiectomy in rodents. In: A Idris (Ed.). Bone research protocols. Methods in molecular biology. Vol 1914. Humana Press, New York, 2019, p. 261-7.
NN Mulyaningsih, AL Juwono, DS Soejoko and DA Astuti. Serum mineral status and long bone morphometry of ovariectomized rats fed a nano-calcium phosphate diet. Pak. J. Nutr. 2019; 18, 1058.
G Cormick and JM Belizán. Calcium intake and health. Nutrients 2019; 11, 1606.
H Kimura-Suda and T Ito. Bone quality characteristics obtained by fourier transform infrared and raman spectroscopic imaging. J. Oral Biosci. 2017; 59, 142-45.
G Dal Sasso, Y Asscher, I Angelini, L Nodari and G Artioli. A universal curve of apatite crystallinity for the assessment of bone integrity and preservation. Sci. Rep. 2018; 8, 12025.
EP Paschalis, S Gamsjaeger and K Klaushofer. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques to assess bone quality. Osteoporos. Int. 2017; 28, 2275-91.
EA Taylor and E Donnelly. Raman and fourier transform infrared imaging for characterization of bone material properties. Bone 2020; 139, 115490.
EA Taylor, E Donnelly, X Yao, ML Johnson, SK Amugongo, DB Kimmel and NE Lane. Sequential treatment of estrogen deficient, osteopenic rats with alendronate, parathyroid hormone (1-34), or raloxifene alters cortical bone mineral and matrix composition. Calcif. Tissue Int. 2020; 106, 303-14.
E Hernandez-Becerra, M Mendoza-Avila, D Jiménez-Mendoza, E Gutierrez-Cortez, ME Rodríguez-García and I Rojas-Molina. Effect of Nopal (Opuntia ficus indica) consumption at different maturity stages as an only calcium source on bone mineral metabolism in growing rats. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 2020; 194, 168-76.
A Henmi, H Okata, T Anada, M Yoshinari, Y MIkami, O Suzuki and Y sasano. Bone matrix calcification during embryonic and postembryonic rat calvarial development assessed by SEM-EDX spectroscopy, XRD, and FTIR spectroscopy. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 2016; 34, 41-50.
T Matsumoto, S Itamochi and Y Hashimoto. Effect of concurrent use of whole-body vibration and parathyroid hormone on bone structure and material properties of ovariectomized mice. Calcif. Tissue Int. 2016; 98, 520-9.
C Combes, S Cazalbou and C Rey. Apatite biominerals. Minerals 2016; 6, 34.
GAH Mekhemer, H Bongard, AAB Shahin and MI Zaki. FTIR and electron microscopy observed consequences of HCl and CO2 interfacial interactions with synthetic and biological apatitees: Influence of hydroxyapatitee maturity. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2019; 221, 332-41.
I Kontopoulos, S Presslee, K Penkman and MJ Collins. Preparation of bone powder for FTIR-ATR analysis: The particle size effect. Vib. Spectros. 2018; 99, 167-77.
MJ Turunen, JD Kaspersen, U Olsson, M Guizar-Sicairos, M Bech, F Schaff, M Tägil, JS Jurvelin and H Isaksson. Bone mineral crystal size and organization vary across mature rat bone cortex. J. Struct. Biol. 2016; 195, 337-44.
G Singh, RP Singh and SS Jolly. Customized hydroxyapatites for bone-tissue engineering and drug delivery applications: A review. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Tech. 2020; 94, 505-30.
FA Shah, E Zanghellini, A Matic, P Thomsen and A Palmquist. The orientation of nanoscale apatite platelets in relation to osteoblastic–osteocyte lacunae on trabecular bone surface. Calcif. Tissue Int. 2016; 98, 193-205.
J Reyes-Gasga, EL Martínez-Piñeiro, G Rodríguez-Álvarez, GE Tiznado-Orozco, R García-García and EF Brès. XRD and FTIR crystallinity indices in sound human tooth enamel and synthetic hydroxyapatite. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2013; 33, 4568-74.
NN Mulyaningsih, AL Juwono, DS Soejoko and DA Astuti. Effect of giving nano calcium phosphate diet on mineral content and function groups of ovariectomy tibia rats. Asian J. Appl. Sci. 2019; 7, 666-81.
GA Stanciu, I Sandulescu, B Savu, SG Stanciu, KM Paraskevopoulos, X Chatzistavrou, E Kontonasaki and P Koidis. Investigation of the hydroxyapatite growth on bioactive glass surface. J. Biomed. Pharmaceut. Eng. 2007; 1, 34-39.
Z Noor, SB Sumitro, M Hidayat, AH Rahim and A Taufik. Assessment of microarchitecture and crystal structure of hydroxyapatite in osteoporosis. Univ. Med. 2011; 30, 29-35.
NN Mulyaningsih, AL Juwono, DS Soejoko and DA Astuti. Synthesis and characterization of nano-sized CaCO3 in purified diet. AIP Conf. Proc. 2017; 1862, 030066.
SA Siddiqi and U Azhar. Carbonate substituted hydroxyapatite. In: AS Khan and AA Chaudhry (Eds.). Handbook of ionic substituted hydroxyapatites. Woodhead Publishing, Sawston, United Kingdom, 2020, p. 149-73.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
