Cytotoxicity and Hemostatic One Step Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles Coated with Green Tea for Biomedical Application
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.2062Keywords:
Fe3O4NPs, GTPs, Green tea, Cytotoxicity, Prothrombin time, AnticoagulantAbstract
Heparin and its low molecular weight are anticoagulants that prevent the formation and extension of blood clots. However, these anticoagulant causes bleeding that takes longer to stop. Here, we explore using magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4NPs) coated with green tea (GTPs) as a safe and effective nontherapeutic agent for blood clotting prevention. In this work, Magnetic iron oxide coated with green tea (GT@Fe3O4NPs) was successfully synthesized using a simple eco-friendly green method. Green tea is employed as a green reducing and stabilizing agent. We employed this method as a new low-cost and time-consuming route. Structural, blood biocompatibility and anticoagulant properties of the (GT@Fe3O4NPs) were analyzed. These analyses showed that the particles were of uniform shapes and sizes of 25 - 36 nm with a coating of GTPs. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurement demonstrated a saturation magnetization of 4.90 emu/g with negligible coercivity and retentivity, indicating the superparamagnetic behavior of the GT@Fe3O4NPs at room temperature. The synthesized magnetic nanoparticles were highly stable and well-dispersed in an aqueous medium through their hydrophilic coating of GTPs. Cell viability and prothrombin time (PT) showed excellent blood compatibility in addition to promising anticoagulant ability, respectively. The work offers a novel, safe nanotherapeutic agent as a substitutional for heparin. As a result, GT@Fe3O4NPs can compete with heparin either in hemodialysis or the treatment of thromboembolic events as it can overcome related bleeding problems to a great extent.
HIGHLIGHTS
- Magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4 NPs) coated with green tea (GTPs) could be a safe substitutional of heparin, overcoming side effects of heparin such as bleeding
- Magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4 NPs) coated with green tea (GTPs) can advance anticoagulant drugs by increasing control of the anticoagulant (e.g., decreasing the dose and reducing side effects while maintaining efficacy and increasing circulation)
- The new magnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4 NPs) coated with green tea (GTPs) anticoagulant drugs will profit patients undergoing high-risk surgical procedures and overcome anticoagulant-related bleeding problems to a great extent
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Downloads
Metrics
References
W Zhao, Q Liu, X Zhang, B Su and C Zhao. Rationally designed magnetic nanoparticles as anticoagulants for blood purification. Colloid. Surface. B Biointerfac. 2018; 164, 316-23.
W Zhao, RJ Yang, TT Qian, X Hua, WB Zhang and W Katiyo. Preparation of novel poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate)-grafted core-shell magnetic chitosan microspheres and immobilization of lactase. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013; 14, 12073-89.
AD Aderibigbe, RA Crane, MR Lees and AJ Clark. Selective uptake of Ag (I) from aqueous solutions using ionic liquid-modified iron oxide nanoparticles. J. Nanopart. Res. 2020; 22, 216.
N Boda, KCB Naidu, K MujasamBatoo, GHR Joice, JL Naik and D Ravinder. Structural, morphological and electronic properties of cadmium cobalt ferrite nanoparticle. Biointerface research in applied chemistry. Islamic Azad Univ. 2017; 6, 2253-62.
A Farnaz, H Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, H Ajamein, N Anarjan, H Vaghari, Z Sayyar and A Berenjian. A biotechnological perspective on the application of iron oxide nanoparticles. Nano Resh. 2016; 9, 2203-25.
S Kumar, R Singh, T Singh and A Batish. Investigations for magnetic properties of PLA-PVC-Fe3O4-wood dust blend for self-assembly applications. J. Thermoplastic Compos. Mater. 2019; 7, 2021.
Z Hou, Y Liu, J Xu and J Zhu. Surface engineering of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by polymer grafting: Synthesis progress and biomedical applications. Nanoscale 2020; 12, 14957-75.
M Javadi, VA Ortega, A Thiessen, M Aghajamali, MA Islam, JM Drummond, GG Goss and JGC Veinot. Cellular uptake and magneto-hyperthermia induced cytotoxicity using photoluminescent Fe3O4 nanoparticle/Si quantum dot hybrids. ChemRxiv 2020, DOI: 10.26434/chemrxiv.13138427.v1
YP Yew, K Shameli, SE Mohamad, KX Lee and SY Teow. Green synthesized montmorillonite/carrageenan/Fe3O4 nanocomposites for pH-responsive release of protocatechuic acid and its anticancer activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020; 21, 4851.
JT Batley, M Nguyen, I Kamboj, C Korostynski, ES Aydil and C Leighton. Quantitative understanding of superparamagnetic blocking in thoroughly characterized Ni nanoparticle assemblies. Chem. Mater. 2020; 32, 6494-506.
RG Kerry, KE Ukhurebor, S Kumari, GK Maurya, S Patra and B Panigrahi. A comprehensive review on the applications of nano-biosensor based approaches for non-communicable and communicable disease detection. Biomater. Sci. 2021; 9, 3476-602.
H Alijani, A Noori, N Faridi, SZ Bathaie and MF Mousavi. Aptamer-functionalized Fe3O4@ MOF nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery and fluorescence imaging of the triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. J. Solid State Chem. 2020; 292, 121680.
Y Qi, Y Du, J Tian, Z Jin and Y Li. Antigen-loaded Fe3O4 nanoparticles for the stimulation and tracking of dendritic cell based vaccine. American Association for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, 2020.
M Suleman and S Riaz. 3D in silico study of magnetic fluid hyperthermia of breast tumor using Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. J. Therm. Biol. 2020; 91, 102635.
RA Gabal, RM Shalaby, A Abdelghany and M Kamal. Antimicrobial effect, electric and structural correlation of nano-filled Tin Bismuth metal alloys for biomedical application. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem. 2019; 9, 4340-4.
RB Onyancha, UO Aigbe, KE Ukhurebor and PW Muchiri. Facile synthesis and applications of carbon nanotubes in heavy-metal remediation and biomedical fields: A comprehensive review. J. Mol. Struct. 2021; 1238, 130462.
SM Taghizadeh, A Taherpoor and A Ebrahiminezhad. Algae and microalgae mediated synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their applications. J. Adv. Med. Sci. Appl. Tech. 2020; 5, 1-11.
S Parveen, AH Wani, MA Shah, HS Devi, MY Bhat and JA Koka. Preparation, characterization and antifungal activity of iron oxide nanoparticles. Microb. Pathog. 2018; 115, 287-92.
P Senthilkumar, S Babu, V Jaishree, KJ Stephen, G Yaswant, DSRS Kumar and NS Nair. Solvothermal-assisted green synthesis of hybrid Chi-Fe3O4 nanocomposites: A potential antibacterial and antibiofilm material. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2020; 14, 714-21.
A Rostami-Vartooni, A Moradi-Saadatmand, M Bagherzadeh and M Mahdavi. Green synthesis of Ag/Fe3O4/ZrO2 nanocomposite using aqueous Centaurea cyanus flower extract and its catalytic application for reduction of organic pollutants. Iranian J. Catal. 2019; 9, 27-35.
J Choi, S Han, KT Nam and Y Seo. Hierarchically structured Fe3O4 nanoparticles for high-performance magnetorheological fluids with long-term stability. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2020; 3, 10931-40.
SA Fahmy, E Preis, U Bakowsky and HMES Azzazy. Palladium nanoparticles fabricated by green chemistry: Promising chemotherapeutic, antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. Materials 2020; 13, 3661.
SM Taghizadeh, A Zare-Hoseinabadi, A Berenjian, Y Ghasemi and A Ebrahiminezhad. Effective parameters in the green synthesis of zero-valent iron nanoparticles as a fenton-like catalyst. J. Environ. Treat. Tech. 2020; 8, 442-7.
I Hussain, N Singh, A Singh, H Singh and S Singh. Green synthesis of nanoparticles and its potential application. Biotechnol. Lett. 2016; 38, 545-60.
F Namvar, R Mohamad, J Baharara, S Zafar-Balanejad, F Fargahi and HS Rahman. Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiangiogenesis effects of polyphenol-rich seaweed (Sargassum muticum). BioMed Res. Int. 2013; 2013, 604787.
F Namvar, HS Rahman, R Mohamad, J Baharara, M Mahdavi, E Amini, MS Chartrand and SK Yeap. Cytotoxic effect of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized via seaweed aqueous extract. Int. J. Nanomed. 2014; 9, 2479-88.
GE Hoag, JB Collins, JL Holcomb, JR Hoag, MN Nadagouda and RS Varma. Degradation of bromothymol blue by ‘greener’ nano-scale zero-valent iron synthesized using tea polyphenols. J. Mater. Chem. 2009; 19, 8671-7.
T Shahwan, SA Sirriah, M Nairat, E Boyacı, AE Eroğlu, TB Scott and KR Hallam. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their application as a fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of aqueous cationic and anionic dyes. Chem. Eng. J. 2011; 172, 258-66.
T Wang, X Jin, Z Chen, M Megharaj and R Naidu. Green synthesis of Fe nanoparticles using eucalyptus leaf extracts for treatment of eutrophic wastewater. Sci. Total Environ. 2014; 466, 210-3.
MF Vitha. Spectroscopy: Principles and instrumentation. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey, 2018.
R Upadhyay, K Davies, S Wells and S Charles. Preparation and characterisation of ultra-fine MnFe2O4 and MnxFe1-xO4 spined systems: II. Magnetic fluids. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1995; 139, 249-54.
B Abdullah and D Tahir. Quantitative analysis of x-ray diffraction spectra for determine structural properties and deformation energy of Al, Cu and Si. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 2019; 1317, 012052.
MA Mohamed, J Jaafar, AF Ismail, MHD Othman and MA Rahman. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In: N Hilal, AF Ismail, T Matsuura and D Oatley-Radcliffe (Eds.). Membrane Characterization. Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 2017, p. 3-29.
M Kannan. Transmission electron microscope-principle, components and applications illumination system (electron gun and condenser lenses) electron gun. In: M Kannan (Ed.). A textbook on fundamentals and applications of nanotechnology. DAYA Publishing House, Delhi, India, 2018, p. 93-101.
MS El-Eskandarany. Characterizations of mechanically alloyed powders. In: MS El-Eskandarany (Ed.). Mechanical Alloying. 3rd (ed). William Andrew Publishing, Norwich, NY, 2020, p. 13-8.
H El-Kassas, MA Aly-Eldeen and S Gharib. Green synthesis of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles using two selected brown seaweeds: Characterization and application for lead bioremediation. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 2016; 35, 89-98.
T Shahwan, S Abu Sirriah, M Nairat, E Boyacı, AE Eroğlu, TB Scott and KR Hallam. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their application as a fenton-like catalyst for the degradation of aqueous cationic and anionic dyes. Chem. Eng. J. 2011; 172, 258-66.
R O’brien, D Cannon and W Rowlands. Electroacoustic determination of particle size and zeta potential. J. Colloid. Interface Sci. 1995; 173, 406-18.
P Marcon and K Ostanina. Overview of methods for magnetic susceptibility measurement. In: Proceedings of the Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceeding, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2012.
T El-Alaily, M El-Nimr, S Saafan, M Kamel, T Meaz and S Assar. Construction and calibration of a low cost and fully automated vibrating sample magnetometer. J. Magn. Magn. Materials 2015; 386, 25-30.
C Yeo, N Saunders, D Locca, A Flett, M Preston, P Brookman, B Davy, A Mathur and S Agrawal. Ficoll-Paque versus Lymphoprep: A comparative study of two density gradient media for therapeutic bone marrow mononuclear cell preparations. Regen. Med. 2009; 4, 689-96.
SM Taimoory, JF Trant, A Rahdar, M Aliahmad, F Sadeghfar, M Hashemzaei. Importance of the inter-electrode distance for the electrochemical synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, computational modelling, and cytotoxicity. E-J Surf. Sci. Nanotech. 2017; 15, 31-9.
A Woolley, JL Golmard and S Kitchen. Effects of haemolysis, icterus and lipaemia on coagulation tests as performed on Stago STA‐compact‐max analyser. Int. J. Lab. Hematol. 2016; 38, 375-88.
P Makuła, M Pacia and W Macyk. How to correctly determine the band gap energy of modified semiconductor photocatalysts based on UV-vis spectra. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2018; 9, 6814-7.
I Kazeminezhad and S Mosivand. Phase transition of electrooxidized Fe3O4 to γ and α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles using sintering treatment. Acta Phys. Pol. A 2014; 125, 1210-4.
M Kamal, R Abogabil, EE Al-Wakeel, AER MM and K Shalabi. The physical and biological properties of alkali - Heat treated titanium implant material. Int. J. Eng. Tech. 2013.
X Zhang, S Lin, Z Chen, M Megharaj and R Naidu. Kaolinite-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron for removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution: Reactivity, characterization and mechanism. Water Res. 2011; 45, 3481-8.
W Li, D Liu, J Wu, C Kim and JD Fortner. Aqueous aggregation and surface deposition processes of engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for environmental applications. Environ. Sci. Tech. 2014; 48, 11892-900.
HK Can, S Kavlak, S ParviziKhosroshahi, A Güner. Preparation, characterization and dynamical mechanical properties of dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (DIONPs). Artif. Cell. Nanomed. Biotechnol. 2018; 46, 421-31.
AM Awwad and NM Salem. A green and facile approach for synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2012; 2, 208-13.
G Vázquez, E Fontenla, J Santos, M Freire, J González-Álvarez and G Antorrena. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of chestnut (Castanea sativa) shell and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) bark extracts. Industrial crops and products. 2008; 28, 279-85.
K Singh, K Senapati and K Sarma. Synthesis of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with green tea polyphenols and their use for removal of dye pollutant from aqueous solution. J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2017; 5, 2214-21.
G Parshetti, A Telke, D Kalyani and S Govindwar. Decolorization and detoxification of sulfonated azo dye methyl orange by Kocuria rosea MTCC 1532. J. Hazard. Mater. 2010; 176, 503-9.
HI Saleh. Green synthesis of magnetite nanoparticles using MyrtuscommunisL. Grown in Egypt. Int. Res. J. Innovat. Eng. Tech. 2017; 4, 6-13.
AN Ilinskaya and MA Dobrovolskaia. Nanoparticles and the blood coagulation system. Part I: benefits of nanotechnology. Nanomedicine 2013; 8, 773-84.
NK Verma, K Crosbie-Staunton, A Satti, S Gallagher, KB Ryan, T Doody, C McAtamney, R MacLoughlin, P Galvin, CS Burke, Y Volkov and YK Gun’ko. Magnetic core-shell nanoparticles for drug delivery by nebulization. J. Nanobiotechnol. 2013; 11, 1.
Q Peng, S Zhang, Q Yang, T Zhang, X-Q Wei, L Jiang, CL Zhang, QM Chen, ZR Zhang and YF Lin. Preformed albumin corona, a protective coating for nanoparticles based drug delivery system. Biomaterials 2013; 34, 8521-30.
M Anand. Hysteresis in a linear chain of magnetic nanoparticles. J. Appl. Phys. 2020; 128, 023903.
EA Hassan, N Nawar and MM Mostafa. Comparative studies of some novel Cu2+ and Fe3+ chelates derived from tricine (L1) by single crystal x‐ray, spectroscopic and biological data: Applications to investigate antitumor activity. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 2019; 33, 5096.
C Xu and W Gao. Pilling-bedworth ratio for oxidation of alloys. Mater. Res. Innovat. 2000; 3, 231-5.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
